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Biology > Respiration and Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Respiration and Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

What is the respiration equation

A

Glucose+Oxygen - carbon dioxide+water

C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H20

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2
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in animals

A

Glucose - lactic acid (+energy)

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3
Q

What is anaerobic respiration equation in plants

A

Glucose - ethanol + carbon dioxide

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4
Q

How to see if carbon dioxide is present

A
  • Use hydrogen carbonate indicator to show organisms produce CO2 when they respire
  • If present colour change from orange to yellow
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5
Q

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

A
  • When you do a lot of exercise your body cannot supply enough oxygen to muscles for anaerobic respiration
  • Anaerobic means without oxygen
  • Releases much less energy, glucose only partially broken down down and lactic acid is produced which can lead to cramp
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6
Q

What is Aerobic Respiration?

A
  • Plenty of oxygen available

* Best way to transfer energy from glucose

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7
Q

How to test the temperature change produced by Respiration?

A
  • Add each set of beans to a vacuum flask, some air left so beans can respire aerobically
  • Place thermometer in each flask&seal top
  • Record the temperature daily for a week
  • Repeat experiment 10 times
  • Test flask temp will increase when beans respire but control flask won’t
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8
Q

Why does the net exchange of gases depend on light intensity?

A
  • Photosynthesis happens during the day (light intensity high)
  • Day - plants make more oxygen by Photosynthesis then they use in Respiration, they release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide
  • Night - plants only respire, not enough light for Photosynthesis, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
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9
Q

How are leaves adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A

Broad - large surface area for diffusion
•Thin - gas travel short distance
•Air spaces - CO2 and O2 move between cells which increase surface area
•Stomata - Let CO2 and O2 diffuse in and out, water to escape (transpiration)
•Guard Cells - control opening and closing of stomata, increase in volume to open and decrease in volume to close

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10
Q

How can you test for the change in carbon dioxide concentration?

A
  • Use Hydrogen Carbon Indicator
  • Normal concentration = orange
  • Increase concentration = Yellow
  • Decrease concentration = Purple
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11
Q

What are the different part of lungs and how is it structured?

A
  • Thorax - top part of body, separates from lower part of body called Diaphragm
  • Pleural Membranes - surround lungs
  • Ribcage - protect lungs
  • Intercostal Muscles - between ribs
  • Trachea - air you breath goes through here, splits into two tubes called Bronchi going to each lung
  • Bronchioles - bronchi splits into this
  • Alveoli - small bags off the bronchioles, gas exchange takes place
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12
Q

When your Breathing In what happens to your lungs?

A
  • Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm contract
  • Thorax volume increases
  • Decreases pressure so air comes in
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13
Q

When your Breathing Out what happens to your lungs?

A
  • Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm relax
  • Thorax volume decreases
  • Air forced out
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14
Q

How do you investigate the release of carbon dioxide in your breath?

A

•Limewater is colourless, turns cloudy if carbon dioxide is present - carbon dioxide released when we breath out

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15
Q

How are Alveoli specialised for gas exchange?

A
  • Moist lining for gases to dissolve in
  • Thin walls so short diffusion
  • Great blood supply to maintain high concentration gradient
  • Permeable walls so diffuse across easily
  • Huge number of microscopic alveoli gives lunges big surface area
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16
Q

How does Alveoli carry out gas exchange?

A
  • Oxygen diffuses out of alveolus into the blood
  • Carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood into alveolus to be breathed out
  • Oxygen released into body cells from red blood cells
  • Carbon dioxide diffuses into blood from body cells and carried back to lungs
17
Q

What problems does Smoking Tobacco cause?

A
  • Damages walls inside Alveoli, reducing SA for gas exchange, leading to diseases(emphysema)
  • Tar damages cilia in lungs and trachea so mucus builds up=chest infections
  • Mucus produced = smokers cough, chronic bronchitis
  • Carbon monoxide in fag reduces amount of O2 the blood can carry - heart rate increases - blood pressure increases - damages artery walls - blood clots more likely - increase heart attack
18
Q

What is the function of the Lungs?

A

Inhale oxygen and remove carbon dioxide when exhale - gas exchange

19
Q

What is the function of the Alveoli?

A

Site of gas exchange

20
Q

What is the function of the Diaphragm?

A

Muscle contracts to increase lung volume

21
Q

What is the function of the Intercostal Muscles?

A

Enable thoracic cavity to be increased and decreased

22
Q

What is the function of the Bronchioles?

A

Lets air reach the alveoli

Biology (9 decks)

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