Blood and Therapy Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is not functional in whole blood?
platelets and granulocytes
What is whole blood used for
volume replacement
RBC collection
how much to raise Hgb 1 g/dl?
through aphaeresis
- stored in CPDA1 or AS for better survival
One unit should raise Hbg
What is RBC infusion used for
raising oxygen carrying capacity
How are platelets obtained?
Apheresis and Random donor platelets (not as much)
When do you use platelets?
Active bleeding, platelet disorders, surgery
When do you NOT use platelets?
HIT
ITP, TTP
What is fresh frozen plasma used for?
coagulation
reversal of warfarin
What does FFP contain?
coagulation factors
fibrinogen
albumin
What is cryoprecipitate used for?
DIC, low fibrinogen
What does Albumin treat?
acute hypovolemia
NOT CHRONIC
where does CMV persist in infected hosts?
monocytes
Transfusion associated graft vs. host disease
TAG vs. HD
- 4-30 days post transfusion, fever, rash, V/D, bone marrow dysfunction
- donor lymphocytes on recipients Ag presenting tissue
- supportive treatment
Acute Hemolytic transfusion reaction
what is it caused by?
most dangerous
- due to error of incompatible donor RBC into patient
- rigor or chills, confusion, low back pain, death
Febrile Nonhemolytic reaction of transfusion
what is this caused by? what are the symptoms?
Sudden chills, temp increase, headache, muscle pain
- sensitization to donor WBC, platelets, or plasma
- caused by prior transfusions, transplants..
Febrile non hemolytic reaction management
antipyretics
Allergic Reaction
seen mainly with urticaria and sometimes angioedema
- caused by sensitization to foreign plasma antigen
Allergic reaction management
give antihistamines and restart if symptoms are mild
Anaphylactic Reaction to transfusion
immediate and increase in pulmonary symptoms
- caused by infusion of IgA to patient with Ab to IgA
Transfusion related Acute lung injury
symptoms and cause?
Fairly severe with bilateral non cariogenic pulmonary edema, hypotension
- most common cause of death
- caused by donor Ab activating recipient WBC –> ARDS
How do you manage TRALI?
steroids and ventilation
Circulatory overload
signs and management
cough, pulmonary congestion, and distended neck veins
- caused by the physician
- fluids are administered too quickly
- provide oxygen and put patient upright
Transfusion associated dyspnea
Respiratory distress within 24 hours
- no temp increase
- diagnosis of exclusion
Septic reaction
rapid onset of fever and chills, N/V/D, hypotension, shock
- caused by transfusion of contaminated blood
