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MLS > Blood Bank Exam 2 > Flashcards

Blood Bank Exam 2 Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Antibodies that commonly cause hemolysis

A

α-Le, α-P

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2
Q

Antibodies that commonly cause mixed-field reactions

A

α-Lu, α-Sd

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3
Q

Antibodies you don’t have to rule out

A

Cw, V, Kpa, Jsa, Xga, Lua

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4
Q

What antibodies require two homozygous rule-outs?

A

Kidd Group (Jka and Jkb)

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5
Q

95% Confidence in rule-outs/ins requires

A

3 antigen pos that all agglutinate, 3 antigen neg that all do not agglutinate

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6
Q

Antigen negative units are not usually required for

A

α- M, N, P1, Lea, Leb, Lua

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7
Q

How many bags do you need to pull? (Formula)

A

Units required / % of Compatible Units

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8
Q

α-A1 Lectin is from

A

Dolichos biflorus

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9
Q

α-H Lectin is from

A

Ulex europaeus

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10
Q

α-N Lectin is from

A

Vicia graminea

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11
Q

α-Tn Lectin is from

A

Salvia sclarea

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12
Q

What can be the result of two cell populations in a patient (such as after a transfusion)?

A

Mixed Field reaction

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13
Q

Enzyme Treatment Enhances

A

Rh, Kidd, Lewis, P, I

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14
Q

Enzyme Treatment Destroys

A

MN Group, Duffy

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15
Q

Common Enzyme Treatments

A
  • Ficin
  • Papain
  • Bromelin
  • Trypsin
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16
Q

Temperature Elution Techniques

A
  • Landsteiner Heat Elution
  • Lui Freeze-Thaw Elution
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17
Q

Adsorption Techniques can help to

A

Remove auto-antibodies and reveal hidden allo-antibodies

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18
Q

REST Adsorption

A

Helps remove α-I, α-IH, and α-H (Great to deal with cold auto)

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19
Q

Neutralization Techniques

A

Soluble Antigen (Reagent) + Patient Serum Containing Antibody, neutralizes antibody by occupying binding site

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20
Q

P1 Substance comes from

A

Hydatid Cysts and Pigeon Eggs

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21
Q

Lewis, Chido, Rogers Substances come from

A

Plasma/Serum

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22
Q

Sda Substance comes from

A

Urine

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23
Q

Dithiothreitol (DDT) Reagent

A

Inactivates Kell antigen and denatures IgM

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24
Q

ZZAP Reagent

A

Inactivates Kell, MN Group, and Duffy Antigens
- Removes sensitized antibody and treats RBCs

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25
Chloroquine Diphosphate (CDP) Reagent
Inactivates Bg and weakens Rh antigens
26
Aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET) Reagent
Inactivates Yta, Lub, Kell antigens
27
Consider multiple antibodies if
- Pattern doesn't fit a just one antibody - Variation is reaction strengths - Reactions in different phases (IS vs AHG)
28
Patient Antigen Typing
Final step in antibody ID process, if patient has antigen, they "can't" make the antibody
29
Diego Blood Group
- Co-dominant (Dia/Dib and Wra/Wrb) - IgG
30
Cartwright Blood Group
- Yta (HF) and Ytb - IgG
31
Xg Blood Group
- Xga, Dominant, on X Chromosome (varies with gender) - IgG
32
Scianna Blood Group
- Sc1 (HF), Sc2, Sc3 - IgG
33
Dombrock Blood Group
- Co-dominant (Doa/Dob) - and not (Gya (Gregory), Hy (Holley), Joa (Joseph)) - IgG
34
Colton Blood Group
- Co-dominant (Coa/Cob) and not (Co3 (HF)) - IgG
35
Chido/Rogers Blood Group
- 6 Chido, 2 Rogers, WH - Associated with HLA System (important for transplant patients) - HTLA IgG
36
HTLA Antibodies
"High Titer Low Avidity", cause interference in testing but unlikely to result in patient harm
37
Gerbich Blood Group
- Ge2, Ge3, Ge4 - (HF) - Wb, Lsa, Ana, Dha - (LF) - IgG
38
Knops Blood Group
- Kna, McCa (McCoy), Sla, Yka (York) - (HF) - Knb - (LF) - IgG
39
Indian Blood Group
- Ina/Inb - IgG
40
Bg Blood Group
- Bga, Bgb, Bgc - Antibodies directed against HLA determinants - IgG
41
Rh Blood Group
- D, C, c, E, e - IgG
42
I/i
- I found on adult cells - i found on fetal cells - IgM (Cold) Autoantibody
43
Pathologic α-I
- Associated with Raynaud's Syndrome - wider thermal range and higher titer - binds complement
44
α-IH
Only reacts when BOTH antigens are present
45
α-IA
Only reacts when BOTH antigens are present
46
α-H
- Can occur in A1 and A1B patients - reacts with Group O and A2 - IgM (unlike the IgG of Bombay)
47
P1 Phenotype
Has P and P1
48
P2 Phenotype
- Has P antigen - Can make α-P1
49
p Phenotype
- Rare "Null phenotype" - Makes α-PP1pk (formerly called α-Tja)
50
p1k Phenotype
- Has P1 and pk - Can make α-P
51
p2k Phenotype
- Has pk - Can make α-P and α-P1
52
P Group Antibodies
IgM, except some α-Tja (strong hemolysin)
53
Lewis Blood Group
- Lea/Leb - Poorly Developed at Birth - Reversibly adsorbed onto RBCs from plasma - Modify Type 1 chains in plasma (not Type 2 on RBCs) - IgM
54
If you have the Le gene
you can make Lea FROM H antigen
55
If you have the Se gene
you can make Leb FROM Lea
56
If you have both Lea and Leb
- Leb adsorbs preferentially over Lea - Can show both rarely in the asian population
57
Lewis antibodies show what kind of agglutination
"lacy"
58
MN Blood Group
- Co-dominant (M/N and S/s) and not (U) - Well developed at birth - α-M and N are IgM - α-S, s, and U are IgG
58
α-N Lectin comes from
Vicia graminea
59
What antigen was historically made from formaldehyde-sterilized dialysis machines?
Nf from N
60
Lutheran Blood Group
- Co-dominant (Lua/Lub) - Poorly developed at birth - Lua is IgM - Lub is IgG
61
Lub vs Lua Antigen Frequency
Lub is HF, Lua is LF
62
α-Lua agglutination is
mixed field and lacy
63
Kell Blood Group
- Co-dominant (K/k, Jsa/Jsb, Kpa/Kpb) - Well developed at birth - IgG
64
Kell Antigen Frequency
- K is LF, k is HF - Kpa is LF, Kpb is HF - Jsa is LF, Jsb is HF
65
McLeod Phenotype
Weak expression of Kell antigens (k, Kpb, and Jsb)
66
Duffy Blood Group
- Co-dominant (Fya/Fyb) - also Fy (3rd allele) and Fyx (weakened Fyb) - Well developed at birth - Enhanced by LISS - Fy(a-b-) cells resistant to P. vivax - IgG
67
Kidd Blood Group
- Codominant (Jka/Jkb) - Well developed at birth - Easy to miss, delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions - IgG, binds complement well
68

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