Blood Bank - Week 2 (Blood components)

Question 1

Whole blood

Answer 1

Helps restore volume
CPDA-1 stored 35 days at 1-6C
Dosage for adult = increase hct by 3% and hgb by 1 g/dl

Question 2

RBC only

Answer 2

CPDA-1 stored 35 days at 1-6C

Dosage for adult = increase hct by 3% and hgb by 1 g/dl

Question 3

RBC-LR (leukocytes reduced)

Answer 3

Used for febrile reactions
CPDA-1 stored 35 days at 1-6C
Dosage for adult = increase hct by 3% and hgb by 1 g/dl

Question 4

Deglycerolized RBC

Answer 4

Saline removed and replaced with glyerol to preserve cells at -65C for 10 years, thawed to 1-6C then only good for 24 hrs
Usually rare antigens/phenotypes
Dosage = increase hct by 3% and hgb by 1 g/dl

Question 5

FFP (fresh frozen plasma)

Answer 5

Prepared and frozen within 8 hours from draw
Given to pts deficient in labile/stable coag factors
Stored -18C for 1 year, thawed 1-6C then used within 24 hrs

Question 6

FP24/PF24RT24 (frozen plasma)

Answer 6

FP24 = frozen within 24 hrs of draw
PF24RT24 = prepared and held at room temp up to 24 hrs after draw
Given to pts defective in non-labile coag factors/plasma proteins
Stored -18C for 1 year, thawed 1-6C than used within 24 hrs

Question 7

AHF/Cryo

Answer 7

Cold insoluble precipitate form thawed FFP
Given to pts with bleeding (hemophilia, von Willebrand’s)
Stored -18C for 1 year, thawed to RT used withing 6 hrs (4 if pooled)

Question 8

Plasma Cryo Reduced

Answer 8

Plasma residual from cyroprecipitate, refrozen within 24 hrs of thawing
For pts missing clotting factors other than Factor 8, 13, and vWF
Stored -18C for 1 year then thawed 1-6C used within 5 days

Question 9

Platelets (PLT, PLC, SDP, PP)

Answer 9

Thrombocytes to stop bleeding
Given to pts with low platelet count/function abnormality
Stored 20-24C for up to 5 days
Given 1 platelet conc. bag per 10kg body weight (usually 5-6 or 1 single donor)
Increases platelet by 5,00-10,000/uL, platelet pheresis increase by 30,000-60,000

Question 10

Granulocytes

Answer 10

Contains concentrated leukocytes
Given to pts with neutropenia (low WBC’s)
Stored 20-24C, transfused ASAP up to 24 hrs

Question 11

Irradiated Components

Answer 11

Stops proliferation of WBC’s (prevents graft-vs-host in pts with immunodeficiency)
Expires 28 days from irradiation, not more than original expir date
Stored at original temp of component

Question 12

PRT (Pathogen Reduction Technology)

Answer 12

Treats platelets and plasma, reduce infectious levels
Viruses (CMV, Hep, HIV, WNV), Bacteria (E coli, S aueus, K pneumonia), Parasites (chagas, babesiosis, maleria), WBC (alternative to irradiation)

Question 13

PAS (Platelet Additive Solution)

Answer 13

Crystalloid nutrient media, replaces some plasma in platelet component
Lower risk for allergic transfusion reaction

Question 14

What is checked in physical exam before donation?

Answer 14

Blood pressure, Hgb

Question 15

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (IHTR)

Answer 15

Immediate (1-2 hours), RBC’s destroyed, hgb released

Under anesthesia = hemoglobinuria, abnormal bleeding at surgical site, hypotension

Question 16

Most common antibodies for IHTR

Answer 16

ABO imcompatible IHTR within minutes

Most common antibodies = Anti-A, anti-Kell, anti-Jka, anti-Fya

Question 17

Signs and symptoms for IHTR intra and extravascular

Answer 17

Intra = fever w/out chills, oliguria, anuria, sustained hypotension, coagulopathy
Extra = fever, chills, jaundice, anemia, decreased haptoglobin

Question 18

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR)

Answer 18

Anamnestic (secondary) response to transfusion 3-7 days later
Primary alloimmunization = no past history of pregnancy, transfusion, or transplant

Question 19

Signs and symptoms for DHTR

Answer 19

Mild fever with chills, jaundice, fatigue, short of breath

Question 20

Most common antibody for DHTR

Answer 20

Anti-Jka

Question 21

Febrile Non-hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR)

Answer 21

Very rare, 1C rise in temp associated with transfusion w/ no medical explanation
Caused by HLA’s against donor white cells (shouldn’t happen in Leuko reduced RBC’s)

Question 22

Allergic (urticarial) Transfusion Reaction

Answer 22

Histamine mediated allergic reaction to blood
Hives, swelling, itching, maybe fever
Treat/pre-treat with anti-histamine or use washed RBC’s (no plasma)

Question 23

Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reaction

Answer 23

NO FEVER
Can be mild (hives, itching) to shock and death
Sudden onset, treat with epinephrine

Question 24

Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)

Answer 24

Anti-leukocyte antibodies in plasma of donor or patient
Lung capillary damage (edema, fluid in lungs, decreased gas exchange), chills, fever, cyanosis, respiratory distress
Give leuko reduced blood

Question 25

Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO)

Answer 25

Unit transfused too fast Tachycardia, hypertension, coughing, chest pain, headache Treat with diuretics or therapeutic phlebotomy

Question 26

Bacterial Contamination Reaction

Answer 26

Endotoxin produced by bacteria in blood able to grow in cold temp Pseudomonas, E coli, Y ecterocolitica

Question 27

Physically or Chemically Induced Transfusion Reactions (PCITR)

Answer 27

Physical damage to RBC's (lysis, heat, freeze), mechanical damage (blood pumps, pressure) Facial numbness, chills, nausea, twitching, arrhythmia