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Micro Quiz 2 (GNR, GPC) Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Phenotypic features of Enterobacteriaceae

A

Gram neg bacilli or coocobacilli

Facultative anaerobes

No spores

Glucose fermenter, Catalase pos, Oxidase neg

Can reduce nitrates to nitrite, can grow on Mac Conkey

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2
Q

Why do stool cultures?

A

To rule out enteric pathogens (salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, E. coli O157:H7, yersinia, aeromonas, and vibrio)

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3
Q

Stool collection/transport

A

Plated immediately, or add preservatives and hold on ice for 2 hrs, or in transport medium for up to 4 days (usually Cary-Blair, Amies, or Staurt)

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4
Q

Enterobacteriaceae culture media

A

Main set up: Blood, Chocolate, Mac Conkey, PEA

Secondary: HE or XLD (use secondary to rule out salmonella)

Enrichment broth to enhance pathogen recovery

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5
Q

E. coli identification

A

Gram neg bacillus/coocobacillus Lactose-fermenter (pink on MAC)

A/A on TSI and KIA w/ or w/out gas

IMViC = + + - -

Oxidase neg, PYR neg, Nitrate pos, MUG pos

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6
Q

EHEC

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, “shiga-toxin producing E. coli”

Causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Nonmotile, MUG neg

Use SMAC media, produces colorless colonies (cannot ferment sorbitol)

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7
Q

What are O and H antigens?

A

O = somatic/cell wall antigens (seen in all)

H = flagellar antigens (not seen in non-motile strains)

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8
Q

Klebsiella spp. identification

A

Non-motile* Gram neg bacillus

Lactose-fermenter (pink on MAC)

Encapsulated (mucoid colonies)

A/A on TSI and KIA w/ gas

IMViC = - - + + (opposite E. coli)*

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9
Q

Serratia spp. identification

A

Motile Gram-neg bacillus (found in soil, water, etc)

Produces red pigment*

Late lactose-fermenter (may take 48 hrs)

A/A on TSI and KIA

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10
Q

Proteus spp. identification

A

Motile Gram neg bacillus/coccobacillus (“swarmers”)*

Non-lactose fermenter

K/A on TSI and KIA w/ H2S pos

PAD pos (rules out salmonella, shigella, etc)

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11
Q

Morganella morganii identification

A

Motile Gram neg bacillus/coccobacillus

Similar to Proteus but not “swarmers” and no H2S*

K/A on TSI and HIA

PAD pos

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12
Q

Providencia spp. identification

A

Motile Gram neg bacillus/coccobacillus

Similar to Moganella, slight difference in IMViC

No H2S, no swarming, PAD pos, K/A on TSI and KIA

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13
Q

Salmonella enterica - serotype Typhi

A

Passed person to person, can have asymptomatic carriers

High prolonged fever, involvement of RE system of liver, spleen, and intestines

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14
Q

Salmonella spp. identification

A

Motile Gram neg bacillus

Non-lactose fermenter, colorless on MAC, green/black on HE, red w/ black centers on XLD

K/A on TSI and KIA w/ H2S

IMViC = - + - V

Test with group and type specific antisera (O, H, and Vi)

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15
Q

Shigella spp.

A

No animal resevoir, 4 serogroups

Nonmotile, Gram neg bacilli

Non lactose fermenter, colorless on MAC, green on HE, colorless on XLD

K/A on TSI and KIA

IMViC = V + - -

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16
Q

Yersinia spp.

A

More growth at RT

Non motile Gram neg bacillus, bipolar staining (“safety pin”)

Slow grower, pinpoint colonies at 24 hrs, colonies have raised “fried egg” appearance

Non lactose fermenter

K/A on TSI and KIA

IMViC = - + - -

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17
Q

Microaerophile

A

Low O2 concentration and increased CO2

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18
Q

Capnophiles

A

Increased CO2

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19
Q

Differential media vs selective media

A

Differential = still grows several organisms but differentiates between them

Selective = only grows specific organisms

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20
Q

Gram stain procedure

A

Crystal violet (rinse)

Iodine (rinse)

Decolorizer (rinse)

Safranin (rinse)

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21
Q

GNR characteristics of whole group

A

1) Glucose utitilization
- fermenters, oxidizers, asaccharolytic (no sugar utilization)
2) Oxidase reaction
- pos and neg
3) Growth on MAC
- pos and neg

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22
Q

Group 1 Bioterrorism species

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A

Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis

23
Q

Brucella spp.

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A

“Udulant fever”/”Mediterranean fever”

Infects humans and animals, transmission via wound/mucous membrane contact with contaminated food/dairy/birthing or inhalation

Granulomas of liver, bone marrow, spleen, lungs, lymph nodes, testes, kidneys, brain

Slow growers (72 hrs, better on choc, blood cultures kept for 4 wks*)

Look Gram pos, tough to decolorize

Oxidase pos, nitrate pos, urease pos, catalase pos

24
Q

Francisella tularensis

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A

“Tick fever”, spread by water/soil, handling ill/dead animals, tick/flea bites

Lives in macrophages, require cysteine for growth (grow on choc, Thayer-Martin, BCYE, not blood), poor grower

Catalase pos, oxidase neg, urease neg

25
Group II: Glucose ferment, MAC pos, Oxidase pos
Aeromonas hydrophila Pleisiomonas shigelloides Vibrio spp.
26
Aeromonas hydrophila
Gastroenteritis, HUS, wound infections, septicemia Selective media = CIN Beta hemolytic on blood, oxidase pos, indole pos, not halophilic
27
Pleisiomonas shigelloides
Same as Aeromonas Oxidase pos, pos for decarboxylase of lysine, ornithine, and arginine Not halophilic
28
Vibrio spp.
Cholera, gastroenteritis, some sucrose fermenters, some not, oysters Halophilic (grow on TCBS) String test differentiates V. cholerae from others (draw string from slide when mixed with bile salts)
29
Group III: GNR Non-fermenters (oxidizers), MAC pos, Oxidase var.
Pseudomonas spp. Acinetobacter spp. Burkholderia spp.
30
P. aeruginosa
Thin GNR, pigmented on blood (blueish-green), fluorescent, pleasent smell, metallic sheen, serated edges, beta hemolytic on blood Ubiquitious, serious for CF patients Oxidase pos, TSI = K/No change, grow at 42C, do AST
31
P. fluorescens/putida
Can't grow at 42C Fluorescent, no distinctive odor or morphology
32
Acinetobacter spp.
Can survive in dry or moist Non hemolytic, gray colonies, may be lightly pink on MAC (oxidation of lactose) Oxidase neg, catalase pos
33
Burkholderia cepacia
Found in animals, water, soil Transmitted aerosols, skin contact, ingestion Can be drug resistant, infects CF patients Selective media = BCSA Yellow on iron containing media (TSI), earthy dirt odor
34
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Pneumonia, UTI, genital infections, may be dormant and reactivate SE Asia and Australia Oxidase pos, Gram neg bipolar staining
35
Group IV: GNR Fastidious ("difficult")
Bartonella spp. Pasturella spp. C. jejuni H. pylori Bordetella spp. Legionella spp. Haemophilus spp. HACEK
36
Bartonella spp.
B. henselae = "cat scratch" Skin has red, berry lesions, collar of scaling Nomal flora in cat mouth, passed by scratch Culture on fresh choc agar, 5-10% CO2 (capnophilic) Oxidase neg, urease neg, catalase neg
37
Pasteurella spp.
In cat/dog mouth, passed by bite, abcess, septicemia, arthritis, peritonitis P. multocida most common Non-hemolytic, shiny colonies, capnophilic, don't grow on MAC, earthy odor Use selective media w/ vancomycin, clindamycin, and amikacin Oxidase pos, catalase pos, indole pos, nitrate pos
38
Campylobacter
Gastroenteritis, transmitted by contaminated food/poultry/milk/water, infected animals (cats/dogs) Use Campy blood agar w/ 5 antibiotics, at 42C for 72 hrs, microaerophilic Curved GNR, "gull wings" ,Oxidase pos, perform AST
39
Helicobacter pylori
Lives in gastric mucosa of lumen, causes gastritis, ulcers, gastric cancer Use urease to neutralize acid in stomach, small neutral area around them Diagnose via biopsy, endoscopy, breath test, EIA
40
Bordetella pertussis
Vaccine preventable Nasopharyngeal swab, innoculate bedside Selective media = Bordet Gengou, Regan-Lowe (charcol and horse blood) Use DFA or PCR to confirm culture, slow grower
41
Legionella pneumophila
"Legionnaire's disease", pneumoniae, can disseminate to other organs Survives in moist environments Selective media = BCYE
42
HACEK
Haemphophilus aphrophilis Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Cardiobacterium hominis Eikenella corrodens Kingella spp. Usual flora of mouth, can cause endocarditis, capnophilic Abnormal morphology on blood plates
43
Gram positive cocci
Staphyloccocus Streptococcus Enterococcus
44
Staphylococcus aureus
Causes food poisoning, toxic shock, boils, pneumonia, etc. Has protein A in cell wall to prevent phagocytosis Yellow/gold colonies, buttery, usually beta hemolytic, grape like clusters Catalase pos, coagulase pos Perform AST, can be highly resistant (MRSA - use oxacillin salt plate for screening)
45
Coagulase neg Staphylococcus
S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, S. lugdeninsis Normal flora, can be pathogens S. saprophyticus = UTI, S. epidermidis/lugdeninsis = biofilm attach to plastic (catheter infections, heart valve endocarditis) White, non-hemolytic Test AST, S. saprophytics = Novobiocin resistant
46
Micrococcus spp.
Considered contaminate, looks like staph but w/ tetrad Coagulase neg, lemon yellow colonies Differentiate from staph by Bacitracin susceptible, oxidase pos
47
How to differentiate Streptococcus spp.?
1) Hemolysis pattern 2) Lancefield classification (based on cell wall antigens) - groups A-H 3) Size ( \< or \> 0.5 mm)
48
Beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp.
S. pyogenes S. dysgalactiae S. angiosus S. agalactiae
49
S. pyogenes
Group A, beta hemolysis, white colonies, large (\>0.5mm), Catalase neg, PYR pos, Bacitracin sus., agglutinate in Lancefield type A serum Pharyngitis, leads to rheumatic fever (autoimmune attacks on heart), and glomerulonephritis Stab and streak on sheep blood agar w/ Trimeth/sulfa disk (makes media Strep selective), incubate w/ CO2
50
S. agalactiae
Group B, weak beta hemolytic, white colonies, small Catalase neg, CAMP pos, Hippurate pos, bile esculin neg, not hapnophilic GBS issue in pregnant women, neonatal meningitis/pneumoniae Can look like Listeria, catalase differentiates
51
S. pneumoniae
Alpha hemolytic, gray colonies, tiny, doughnut shaped Catalase neg, Optochin sensitive, bile soluble Causes pnumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, otitis media Gram pos dipplococci
52
Streptococcus viridans group
Alpha hemolytic, slow grower, white colonies Catalase neg, Esculin neg, Optochin resistant, not bile soluble (Makes it different from S. pneumoniae)
53
Enterococcus spp. (E. faecalis/faecium)
White/gray, not usually hemolytic Catalase neg (weak bubbles), hapnophilic, Bile esculin pos, PYR pos, Lancefield Group D E.faecalis/faecium can be vancomycin resistant

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