Blood & Blood Vessels

Question 1

Flashcard Question

Answer 1

Flashcard Answer

Question 2

What are the Functions of Blood ?

Answer 2

• Transportation of gases
• fuels and minerals
• Protection against dehydration
• Maintaining equilibrium - regulating temperature
• Thermoregulation
• Fighting infection - carrying cells and antibodies
• Bringing waste products to the kidneys and liver - for filtering and cleaning

Question 3

How long does a Blood Cell take to circulate around the body at rest ?

Answer 3

approx. 20 seconds

Question 4

How much of your total body weight is made up of blood ?

Answer 4

approx 8%

Question 5

What are the Components of Blood ?

Answer 5

55% Plasma and 45% Blood Cells

Question 6

What are the Components of Plasma ?

Answer 6

90% Water, 7% Proteins, 3% Other

Question 7

What are Erythrocytes ?

Answer 7

Red Blood Cells

Question 8

What are Leucocytes ?

Answer 8

White Blood Cells

Question 9

What are Thrombocytes ?

Answer 9

Platelets

Question 10

What is the composition of Blood Cells ?

Answer 10

99% Red, and 1% mix of White and Platelets

Question 11

Describe Red Blood Cells

Answer 11

• Gives the blood its colour
• Produced in bone marrow
• Contain Haemoglobin
• Removal of Carbon Dioxide
• Carries the oxygen to the body tissues and muscles

Question 12

Describe White Blood Cells

Answer 12

• Fights Infection
• Absorbs and digests disease causing organisms
• Produced in Bone Marrow, lymph tissue and the spleen

Question 13

Describe Platelets

Answer 13

Cells that help form blood clots to stop bleeding

Question 14

Describe Plasma

Answer 14

• Fluid the carries nutrients
• Transports Waste Products
• Assists with waste Removal from the Body
• Protein-Salt Solution

Question 15

Describe Haemoglobin

Answer 15

• Protein Molecule
• Oxygen binds to molecule within the bloodstream
• Carries both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide to and from the lungs

Question 16

Describe Systolic Blood Pressure

Answer 16

Measures pressure on the arteries as blood leaves the heart and is being pumped forcefully

Question 17

Describe Diastolic Blood Pressure

Answer 17

The pressure on the veins as blood returns to the heart after having been to all body parts

Question 18

What are Blood Vessels

Answer 18

Make up the vascular network through which all blood flows to all parts of the body

Question 19

How many types of blood Vessels are there ?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

Name the three major types of blood vessels

Answer 20

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 21

Describe Arteries

Answer 21

• Carry blood away from the heart.

- Large blood vessels with thick walls.

Question 22

Describe Capillaries

Answer 22

• Allow the exchange of gasses and nutrients & wastes between the blood and the tissues.
• Tiny Blood Vessels.
• High density - more sites for gaseous exchange, increased oxygen to working muscles, increased aerobic contribution reducing fatigue

Question 23

Describe Veins

Answer 23

Carry blood back to the heart. Not very elastic and contains pocket valves.

Question 24

What are Precapillary Sphincters ?

Answer 24

• Miniature structures that control blood flow through the capillaries
• Forceful contraction can close the branches off to blood flow
• while opening others
• Can turn blood flow on and off

Question 25

Describe Blood Pressure

Answer 25

Pressure exerted by arterial blood against vessel walls

Question 26

Describe Systolic Blood Pressure

Answer 26

Recorded during contraction phase of the heart cycle

Question 27

Describe Diastolic Blood Pressure

Answer 27

Recorded during the relaxation phase of the heart cycle

Question 28

What is Systemic Blood Flow ?

Answer 28

Arteries and veins feed blood from the heart to the bod and back to the heart again

Question 29

What is Vasoconstriction ?

Answer 29

- contraction in the smooth muscle around the blood vessels | - less blood moving through capillaries and more blood being redirected to where Vasodilation is occurring.

Question 30

What is Vasodilation ?

Answer 30

- Relaxation in the smooth muscle surrounding the blood vessels - Widening of blood vessels resulting in an increase of blood

Question 31

Define Myoglobin

Answer 31

Molecule in the muscle that attracts the oxygen into the muscle cell before binding to it for transport within the muscle to the mitochondria

Question 32

What is Arteriovenous oxygen difference (aVO2) ?

Answer 32

Difference in oxygen concentration between arterial and venous blood.

Question 33

What does Arteriovenous oxygen difference (aVO2) measure ?

Answer 33

It measures the amount of oxygen taken up from the blood by the tissues.

Question 34

How is Arteriovenous oxygen difference (aVO2) measured ?

Answer 34

Expressed as millilitres per 100mL of blood

Question 35

What happens to Arteriovenous oxygen difference (aVO2) during exercise ?

Answer 35

During exercise the blood flow to the tissues increases, increasing the arteriovenous oxygen difference to widen.