Disease & Exercise

Question 1

What are Some Causes of Cardivascular Disease?

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis.  
Cholesterol.  
Coronary Heart Disease.  
Hypertension.  
Stroke

Question 2

Describe Arteriosclerosis

Answer 2

Occurs when arteries harden and become thick, sometimes restricting blood flow to vital organs and tissues

Question 3

Describe Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

• Type of Arteriosclerosis.
• Characterised by a buildup of Fats, Cholesterol and other substances (plaques) in and on the arterial walls. - Can restrict blood flow as well as decrease arterial flexibility.

Question 4

Describe Cholesterol

Answer 4

• Two different types.
• Good Fats - HDL - pick up and remove the cholesterol to return it to the liver for elimination.
• Bad Fats - LDL - deliver cholesterol to the cells that need it.
• When LDL levels become too high, some of it collects inside artery walls and forms a hard plaque.
• Level of no more than 5.5 mmol/L.
• Causes - fried food, dairy, high in saturated fats

Question 5

Describe Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 5

• Fatty deposits build up in the walls of the arteries that supply the heart.
• Results in reduced oxygen and nutrient supply.
• May cause acute pain and/or Cardiac Arrest

Question 6

Describe Hypertension

Answer 6

• High blood pressure.
• No single cause.
• Factors can contribute include smoking, overweight, excessive alcohol

Question 7

Describe Storke

Answer 7

• Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted
• leading to a temporary/permanent disability or death. - F.A.S.T.
• Check Face, has it drooped? Can they lift Arms? Is speech slurred? Time is critical - get to a hospital fast.

Question 8

What are Physiological Causes of Respiratory Disease

Answer 8

COPD and Asthma

Question 9

What is COPD?

Answer 9

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a collection of lung diseases that cause breathing problems and obstruct airflow.
• Lung conditions that are long-term.
• Many sufferers have a combination of COPD conditions.
• Progressively worsen.
• Cause shortness of breath by reducing normal flow to the lungs.
• Eg: Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma.
• Main cause is smoking

Question 10

What is Comorbidity ?

Answer 10

Comorbidity is defined as the co-occurrence of one or more disorders in the same child or adolescent either at the same time or in some causal sequence

Question 11

What is Asthma?

Answer 11

• Disease of the airways.
• The muscles in the bronchus and bronchioles tighten and their lining becomes swollen and inflamed producing a sticky mucus.
• Airways narrow making it difficult to breath.

Question 12

Relationship between Asthma and COPD

Answer 12

Comes from the same group of lung diseases, however usually no overlap - either have one or the other.

Question 13

What are the Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Health?

Answer 13

• Overweight.
• Inactivity.
• Smoking.
• Not eating recommended amounts of fruit and vegetables.
• Exceeding recommended alcohol levels.
• High blood pressure.
• Pre-Diabetes

Question 14

What are Factors for Preventing Risk Factors ?

Answer 14

• Physically active.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Don’t smoke.
• Balanced Diet.
• Drink Alcohol in moderation

Question 15

What causes heart rate to increase prior to exercise?

Answer 15

• Nerves / Anticipation / Anxiety.
• Pre-race warm up.
• If you are standing, you have a higher heart rate than sitting down

Question 16

Describe Submaximal Intensity

Answer 16

Less than maximum effort - heart rate about 75% of maximum

Question 17

What are the Benefits of Regular Physical Activity ?

Answer 17

• Less likely to have a heart attack or development of heart disease.
• Helps to control high risk factors like high blood pressure, cholesterol and being overweight.
• Strengthen respiratory muscles - diaphragm -> reduce shortness of breath.
• Strengthen the lungs, reducing risk of infection.
• Lowers blood pressure
• Helps to increase the production of the brains feel-good neurotransmitters called endorphins