blood(cardiovascular system)

Question 1

Blood?

Answer 1

fluid that transports oxygen, nutrients, & hormones to cells & carries away carbon dioxide and other waste

Question 2

what does blood assist with?

Answer 2

-Thermoregulation
-pH regulation
-osmoregulation
-immune system

Question 3

what does blood consist of ?

Answer 3

-plasma (water + protein + other solutes
-formed elements (red&white blood cells, platelets

Question 4

in the plasma…

Answer 4

-proteins help with transport molecules (albumin, alpha&beta globulins)
-help with immune response(gamma globulins)
-help with blood clot formation(fibrinogens)

Question 5

Formed element?

Answer 5

-Erythrocytes(RBC) make up 99.9%
-Leucocytes(WBC)
-Platelets are fragments important for clotting

Question 6

Hematocrit value?

Answer 6

hematocrit=formed element/whole blood

Question 7

Erythrocytes(Red blood cell)

Answer 7

-mature cells lack nuclei and most other organelles since main purpose it to transport oxygen/gas
-Metabolism is anaerobic catabolism of glucose
-packed with protein called hemoglobin

Question 8

hemoglobin?

Answer 8

• is 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits
  -1 hemoglobin = 4 hemes

Question 9

Hematopoiesis?

Answer 9

-process of making blood cells(occur in bone marrow)
-Through a process called erythropoiesis(only for RBC)

Question 10

erythropoiesis ?

Answer 10

-process of making red blood cells
1)hemocytoblast (blood stem cell) differentiate into proerythroblast
2)Proerythroblast become erythroblasts
3)Erythroblasts matures into erythrocytes

Question 11

Less than normal RBC Count?

Answer 11

anemia, will become hypoxemia(low blood oxygen, oxygen deprivation)

Question 12

Too many RBCs?

Answer 12

-=Erythrocytosis(polycythemia)
-outcome=blood becomes too viscous, too much strain on heart&vessels, may lead to heart attack/stroke
-Kidney release glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin

Question 13

ABO antigens?

Answer 13

-determine your blood type
-cross reaction will occur if donor is non-self blood type, leads to agglutination and cells are destroyed, called hemolysis
-ANTIBODIES WILL BIND TO FOREIGN SURFACE ANTIGENS

Question 14

Rhesus(Rh) antigens ?

Answer 14

–determine your blood type
-surface antigen
-either Rh+ or Rh-
-exposure to Rh+ blood lead to development of antibodies
-The second exposure to Rh antigens would then lead to agglutination

Question 15

Leukocytes

Answer 15

-WBC have nuclei and normal organelles
-two functions, defense against disease and recycling old/dead cells

Question 16

Type A blood has?

Answer 16

-anti B, only takes A or O

Question 17

Type B blood has?

Answer 17

-anti A, only takes B or O

Question 18

Type AB blood?

Answer 18

-No antibodies, can take all blood types

Question 19

Type O blood has?

Answer 19

-Universal donor BUT is anti A and anti B, only takes O

Question 20

Neutrophils?

Answer 20

-types of leukocyte
-50-70% of all WBC
-kill and digest bacteria (phagocytosis)

Question 21

Eosinopils?

Answer 21

-types of leukocyte
-kill parasites
-involved in allergic response

Question 22

Monocytes?

Answer 22

-types of leukocyte
-involved in allergic response
-release histamines

Question 23

Lymphocytes (T and B cells)

Answer 23

-types of leukocyte
-help fight viruses
-make antibodies
-mostly found in lymphoid tissue

Question 24

Natural killer cells(NK cells)

Answer 24

-types of leukocyte
-detect and destroy abnormal cells