Blood Circulation

Question 1

Haemeglobin

Answer 1

Carries O2 and CO2
Heme = O2
Globin = CO2

Question 2

RBC production stimulis - 3 types

Answer 2

1. Decreased RBC count
2. Decreased amount of haemeglobin
3. Decreased O2

Question 3

RBC production - 5 steps

Answer 3

1. Low blood O2 carrying ability
2. Kidney releases erythropoietin
3. Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow
4. Enhanced erythropoietin increases RBC count
5. O2 blood carrying ability increases

Question 4

RBC death - 4 steps

Answer 4

1. After 120 days RBC gets stuck in spleen and liver
2. Haemeglobin is broken into heme and globin
3. Heme is broken into iron which is stored and reused
4. Globin is broken down and reused

Question 5

Neutrophils

Answer 5

Phagocytic - first to arrive at acute infection
Engulf bacteria and die
B and T cells

Question 6

Monocytes

Answer 6

Phagocytes especially active in chronic infections
Engulf bacteria and survive
Antigen presenting cells

Question 7

Eosinophils

Answer 7

Destroy worms
Destroy antigens
Lessen inflammation severity

Question 8

Basophils

Answer 8

Stimulate inflammation by releasing histamine

Secrete heparin

Question 9

Platelets

Answer 9

Aid blood clotting by forming temporary plug before clot can form

Question 10

Systemic Circulation - 3 steps

Answer 10

Blood leaves left ventricle, carries oxygenated blood to capillaries and tissues, returns deoxygenated blood to right atrium

Question 11

Pulmonary Circulation - 3 steps

Answer 11

Blood leaves right ventricle, carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, returns oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

Question 12

Lymphatic Circulation

Answer 12

Fluid that is forced out of bloodstream during normal circulation is filtered through lymph nodes, then transported back to blood stream via lymph vessels

Question 13

Arteries

Answer 13

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 14

Capillaries

Answer 14

Destination of transported substances

Site of tissue - blood exchange

Question 15

Veins

Answer 15

Carry blood towards heart

Question 16

Arterioles

Answer 16

Carry blood into capillaries

Diameter changes resistance of blood flow

Question 17

Venules

Answer 17

Joint capillaries which connect to veins

Question 18

Lymphatic Capillaries - 3 functions

Answer 18

1. Return excess fluid to blood
2. Return leaked protein to blood
3. Carry fat from intestine to blood

Question 19

Formation of tissue fluid - 5 steps

Answer 19

1. Fluid forced out of blood
2. Most is reabsorbed
3. Some fluid left in between tissues
4. IF fluid and plasma proteins enter lymph capillary
5. Returned to blood

Question 20

Lymph Nodes

Answer 20

Filters lymph before returned to blood

Contains lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 21

Inflammatory Response - 4 steps

Answer 21

1. Increased blood flow to damaged area
2. Increase in WBC to damage area
3. Brings clotting proteins to area
4. Disposes of cell debris and pathogens by phagocytes

Question 22

4 Cardinal signs

Answer 22

1. Redness
2. Heat
3. Pain
4. Swelling