blood composition

Question 1

what 2 components does blood consist of?

Answer 1

cells and plasma

Question 2

which cells are present in blood?

Answer 2

erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 3

what does blood plasma consist of?

Answer 3

extracellular fluid, water, electrolytes, organic molecules and plasma proteins

Question 4

which blood cell is most common?

Answer 4

RBC

Question 5

what is the function of an erythrocyte?

Answer 5

transport oxygen/CO2 round body

Question 6

what is the function of a leucocyte?

Answer 6

immune cell

Question 7

what is the function of a thrombocyte?

Answer 7

blood clotting

Question 8

where are plasma proteins produced?

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

name the 4 types of plasma proteins in blood

Answer 9

albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, regulatory proteins

Question 10

what plasma protein is most common

Answer 10

albumins

Question 11

what is the function of an albumin?

Answer 11

oncotic pressure, transport lipid

Question 12

what is the function of a globulin?

Answer 12

immune function

Question 13

what is the function of a fibrinogen ?

Answer 13

key component of blood clot

Question 14

what is the active form of fibrinogen?

Answer 14

fibrin

Question 15

name 2 regulatory proteins in blood

Answer 15

hormones and enzymes

Question 16

what organic molecules are found in blood?

Answer 16

glucose, fatty acids, glycerides, amino acids

Question 17

what shape are RBCs?

Answer 17

biconcave disc

Question 18

how does a RBCs shape aid its function?

Answer 18

large surface area - rapid O2/CO2 transfer across cell membrane
able to bend in narrow capillaries
able to expand to accommodate fluid in hypotonic solution

Question 19

where are RBCs formed?

Answer 19

red bone marrow

Question 20

how are RBCs broken down?

Answer 20

removed from circulation and broken down by macrophages in the spleen

Question 21

what 2 components are RBCs broken down to?

Answer 21

haem and globin

Question 22

what happens to the globin once a RBC is broken down?

Answer 22

recycled or broken down to amino acids

Question 23

what happens to the haem once a RBC is broken down?

Answer 23

iron in haem used to produce new haemoglobin molecules

Question 24

what is the process of RBC formation known as?

Answer 24

erythropoiesis

Question 25

which hormone is erythropoiesis regulated by?

Answer 25

erythropoietin

Question 26

what are the results of erythropoiesis?

Answer 26

reduction in cell size, regression of nucleus, increased haemoglobin content

Question 27

which substances are required for regression of nucleus during erythropoiesis?

Answer 27

folic acid and vit B12

Question 28

how does erythropoietin production increase RBC production?

Answer 28

RBC numbers decrease, O2 delivery to cells decreases, O2 to kidneys decreases, erythropoietin released from kidney, RBC production in red bone marrow increased

Question 29

what does haemoglobin transport?

Answer 29

O2 and CO2

Question 30

which enzyme catalyses the formation of bicarbonate?

Answer 30

carbonic anhydrase

Question 31

which blood cell is carbonic anhydrase found in?

Answer 31

RBC

Question 32

which type of protein is haemoglobin?

Answer 32

globular

Question 33

which chains does haemoglobin consist of?

Answer 33

2 alpha and 2 beta

Question 34

how many haem groups are in a haemoglobin molecule?

Answer 34

4

Question 35

what does each haem group consist of?

Answer 35

porphyry ring and iron atom

Question 36

WBC can be divided into 2 categories, what are these?

Answer 36

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 37

name the granulocytes

Answer 37

neutrophil, basophil and eosinophil

Question 38

what is the function of neutrophil?

Answer 38

acute inflammation, phagocytic, non-specific defence

Question 39

what is the function of basophil?

Answer 39

circulating mast cell, produce heparin and histamine, blood clotting, inflammation

Question 40

what is the function of eosinophil?

Answer 40

allergic reaction, fight parasite

Question 41

what is the most common granulocyte?

Answer 41

neutrophil

Question 42

name the 2 agranulocytes

Answer 42

monocyte and lymphocyte

Question 43

what is the function of a monocyte?

Answer 43

become macrophage, present antigen to lymphocyte

Question 44

what is the function of a lymphocyte ?

Answer 44

T - cell mediated immunity | B - humoral immunity

Question 45

which class of WBCs are bug specific?

Answer 45

agranulocytes

Question 46

what are platelets derived from?

Answer 46

megakaryocytes

Question 47

which bus smaller and platelet or RBC?

Answer 47

platelet

Question 48

what process are platelets involved in?

Answer 48

haemostasis

Question 49

how do platelets stop blood flow?

Answer 49

they release vasoconstrictors (thromboxane AZ) which reduces blood vessel diameter, they then go into vessels forming a platelet plug

Question 50

what determines a persons blood group?

Answer 50

presence or absence of AB and rhesus antigens on a RBC surface

Question 51

will a rhesus negative person receiving rhesus positive blood be affected?

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

what blood group combination is incompatible when conceiving a 2nd child?

Answer 52

rhesus negative female conceiving 2nd rhesus positive child

Question 53

which blood group is given in emergency blood transfusion?

Answer 53

group O

Question 54

which blood type can receive any blood?

Answer 54

AB