blood glucose conc

Question 1

explain why glucose is found in the
urine of a person with untreated diabetes.

Answer 1

High concentration of glucose in blood/filtrate;
less glucose in reabsorbed by proximal convoluted tubule
maximum CO TRANSPORT proteins are saturated

Question 2

Describe the role of glucagon in gluconeogenesis.

Answer 2

Glucagon binds to the receptor and stimulates enzymes which convert fatty acids and amino acids into glucose

Question 3

Diabetes can damage the nervous system. The response of the rats with
diabetes is different from the response of the healthy rats. Use your
knowledge of the control of heart rate by the nervous system to suggest an
explanation for these results.

Answer 3

Damage to autonomic nervous system
pressure receptors don’t work as well as rats with no diabetes
When pressure increases, heart rate decreases only slightly, using. the parasympathetic NS and when pressure decreases heart rate increases only slightly using the sympathetic NS

Question 4

Binding of insulin leads to an increase in the rate of respiration in cells such
as osteoblasts.
Explain how.

Answer 4

• more glucose enters the cell though channel proteins binding to membrane
• more glucose for respiration

Question 5

The regulation of the formation of helper T cells by interferon gamma is an
example of positive feedback.
Explain why it is an example of positive feedback.

Answer 5

MORE T helper cells MORE interferon regulation