Blood Glucose Levels and Obesity Unit 2

Question 1

How much sugar should be in the blood plasma usually ?

Answer 1

Around 5 millimoles per litre (5mmol/l)

Question 2

How much sugar can be found in the blood of a diabetic person ?

Answer 2

Sometimes as much as 30mmol/l

Question 3

Which part of the blood vessels absorbs the excess glucose if a diabetic person ?

Answer 3

The endothelium of the blood vessels

Question 4

What happens to blood vessels that take in more glucose than usual ?

Answer 4

They become weaker and burst and bleed into surrounding tissues

Question 5

What name is given to the condition caused by blood vessels that burst due to the weight of glucose in them ?

Answer 5

Microvascular disease

Question 6

What organs can microvascular disease affect ?

Answer 6

Retina of the eyes, kidneys and the body’s extremities like the arms and legs

Question 7

What is glucose stored as in the liver ?

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

Whenever glucose concentration rises following a meal, receptor cells in which organ detects it ?

Answer 8

Pancreas

Question 9

Which hormone is released by the pancreas following a rise in blood glucose levels ?

Answer 9

Insulin

Question 10

What organ does insulin hormone released by the pancreas go to ?

Answer 10

The Liver

Question 11

What reaction is triggered in the liver by the hormone insulin ?

Answer 11

Glucose —> Glycogen

Question 12

When glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver, what does this do to blood glucose levels ?

Answer 12

Lowers it

Question 13

Whenever glucose levels fall and are ‘fone’ from the blood following a period without food or after sleeping, which organ detects it ?

Answer 13

The pancreas

Question 14

Which hormone is released by the pancreas following a fall in blood glucose levels ?

Answer 14

Glucagon

Question 15

What organ does glucagon hormone released by the liver go to ?

Answer 15

The liver

Question 16

What reaction is triggered in the liver by the hormone glucagon ?

Answer 16

Glycogen —> Glucose

Question 17

When glycogen is converted to glucose in the liver and the glucose is release into the blood, what does this do to blood glucose levels ?

Answer 17

Raise it

Question 18

The constant retiring of glucose levels to a set point operates on what principle ?

Answer 18

Negative feedback control

Question 19

Which hormone can promote the conversion of more glycogen to glucose in the liver to increase the supplies of glucose in the blood ?

Answer 19

Adrenaline

Question 20

When would adrenaline be released ?

Answer 20

During exercise or the ‘fight or flight’ reactions

Question 21

Name the two types of diabetes

Answer 21

Type 1 and type 2

Question 22

Which type of diabetes is not linked to obesity ?

Answer 22

Type 1

Question 23

What type of diabetes is linked to obesity ?

Answer 23

Type 2

Question 24

How is type 1 diabetes controlled ?

Answer 24

By insulin injection and careful diet

Question 25

In which type of diabetes are the receptors for insulin decreased and least sensitive to insulin ?

Answer 25

Type 2

Question 26

Which type of diabetes tends to occur in childhood ?

Answer 26

Type 1

Question 27

What would be found in the urine of a diabetic person ?

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

What test do doctors carry out to diagnose diabetes ?

Answer 28

Glucose tolerance test

Question 29

Give a brief description of the glucose tolerance test

Answer 29

- Person fasts for 8 hours - Blood glucose levels measure - Person given a drink loaded with a known amount of glucose - The blood glucose levels are then monitored to see if they come back down to normal within 2.5 hours. - The results are plotted to give a glucose tolerance curve

Question 30

What condition is characterised by the accumulation of excess fat compared to lean tissue such as muscle ?

Answer 30

Obesity

Question 31

Give three health problems caused by obesity ?

Answer 31

- Osteoarthritis - Cardiovascular disease - Type 2 diabetes

Question 32

What is the formula for calculating Body Mass Index ?

Answer 32

(BMI) = Weight (kg) divided by height in metres squared

Question 33

Who might a BMI not be accurate for ?

Answer 33

Bodybuilders as muscle weights more than fat and so the BMI might come out higher than it should be