Blood Groups (After exam 1)

Question 1

Describe reaction grades

Answer 1

0
W+ (weak)
H (hemolysis)
1+

Question 2

RBC ags Attributes
how many groups recognized by ISBT
unique?
common features?

Answer 2

36 groups recognized by blood bank society
>250 unique rbc ags
Ab/Ag in the blood group share common features

Question 3

RBC Ags chemically

trasnferases attach….

sequence

Answer 3

intrinsic or extrinsic

transferases attaches oligosaccharide to glycoproteins (ABO, Lewis, P)

amino acid sequence of glycoproteins

Question 4

What chromosome are Rh genes on?

Answer 4

Chromosome 1

Question 5

Intrinsic

Answer 5

passes through cellular membrane (ex Rhag/Rh)

Question 6

Extrinsic example

Answer 6

ABO outside of cell

Question 7

Blood group
ag is expression is controlled by….

Answer 7

Ag expression is controlled by single locus gene or closely linked homologous genes w/ little to no recombination

Question 8

Alleles
snp

Answer 8

SNPs single nucleotide polymorph altern form of gene

Question 9

Ag

requirements

Answer 9

phenotypes expression of allels that are significantly different

1.) must be inheritable/sequenced
antithetical
co-dominent
2.) must be expressed on cell surface

Question 10

Systems
same…

Answer 10

same genetic locus and related glycoprotein placement

Question 11

Collections

Answer 11

sero/bio/chemically related Ag that do not fit the definition of system

Question 12

700 series

Answer 12

low incidence Ag w/an incidence less than 1% and cannot be included in system
rare in population

Question 13

901 series

Answer 13

high incidence ag w incidence greater than 90% cannot be included in system

Question 14

Null

Answer 14

absence of Ag expression
due to silencer or amorph

Question 15

Usual suspects

Answer 15

have variable frequency, can cause severe problems

Question 16

Naming Ags
Genes
Ag
Alleles

Answer 16

Genes - italics or underlined
Ag - numbers or letters superscript
Alleles-ISBT terminology gene included with * and ISBT #

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

how a person serologically presents ag (not collections) regardless of genetics

Question 18

Kell Sytem
antetheicals

single mutation….

only?

Answer 18

second most immunogenic
K and k antethetical
Jsa -Jsb
kpa -kpb

single mutation of KEL (big K) on chrom 7 separate anthethetical ag inherited as glycoprotein

only high/low incidence

Question 19

What is big K called in Kell and Little k called?

Answer 19

K = Kell
little k = cellano

Question 20

mother group of Kell system

Answer 20

little k/Kpb/Jsb

Question 21

K ag

Answer 21

2nd most immunogenic next to D ag

Question 22

Kpa ag

Answer 22

supresses other Ag in expression in haplotype

Question 23

Jsa Ag

Answer 23

prevelance is unique to african population

Question 24

XK

Answer 24

like rhag, holds onto KEL,
x linked

Question 25

What does DTT chemical disrupt?

Answer 25

disrupts cystine bonds that hold the ag

Question 26

What does Kell cause disease what kind of glycoprotein?what does it do? null ? What syndrome? enhanced with?

Answer 26

severe hemolytic disease kell glycoprotein is a single pass transmembrane protein in rbc Null for kell is acanthocytes MCLEOD SYNDROME - CGD enhanced with ficin and papain

Question 27

Kell Ab immunoglobulin compliment relationship AHG phase? Rxns?

Answer 27

IgG no compliment doesnt cause hemolysis AHG no detection severe hemolytic rxns

Question 28

Anti- K Anti-Ku Anti-Kx+ km

Answer 28

an- K: most common Ab seen in Blood bank An-Ku: detects all ag in Kell system An-Kx+: Km rxn stronger w Ko weaker w normal kell

Question 29

Kidd system notorious for.... rxns? ag?

Answer 29

Ab are notorious for extreme dosage and quick titer in vivo delayed hemolytic transfusion rxns Jka Jkb

Question 30

Kidd system compliment and immunoglobulin ag developed as early as?

Answer 30

binds to compliment - extravascular hemolyiss IgG immune stimulated Ag developed as early as 7 (jkb) - 11 (jka) weak gestation/ not destroyed by most treatments

Question 31

Where is Kidd expressed

Answer 31

expressed on rbc, endothelial surface of kidney, NOT on other blood cells

Question 32

Kidd ag frequencies and chromosomes

Answer 32

Jk3 high frequency with jka/jkb jk null silent alleles Chrom 18 multipass - HUT11

Question 33

Special feature of Jk null (kidd system)

Answer 33

resistent rbc to 2m urea lysis

Question 34

Duffy system protection from? glycoprotein? location? acronym? begins to form around? what organs affected?

Answer 34

protection from malaria vivax intrinsic membrane glyco - ACKRI begins to form at 6wk on organs like brain,colon,spleen Fya Fyb

Question 35

Duffy system special feature

Answer 35

destroyed by common enzymes

Question 36

Duffy chromosome

Answer 36

1

Question 37

Duffy null common in what population independently...." point maturation on? no?

Answer 37

common in west africans inherited independently "syntenic" point maturation GATA-1 on rbc ONLY no anti-fyb made

Question 38

Duffy Ab immunoglobulin? compliment? complications? rxns?

Answer 38

IgG rare compliment binding dosage complicated due to unknown serology of black donors transfusion rxn/HDN

Question 39

T/F P. falciparum can infect duffy people

Answer 39

true, it can make it through the cell

Question 40

Lutheran group two proteins immuno? chromosome? Lu gene linked with? development w birth? High incidence ag?

Answer 40

two proteins one gene lua lub not immunogenic Chrom 19 Lu gene linked to H and Lewis poor develop at birth Lub high incidence

Question 41

Lutheran special features

Answer 41

resistant to enzyme treatment but NOT DTT BCAM basal adhesion molecule

Question 42

Lutheran null phenotype

Answer 42

dominannt inherited suppresor LU3-

Question 43

Lutheran Ab common? Lua - ig characteristics? Lub - ig characteristics?

Answer 43

rare anti-lua characterisic mixed field IgM not great at compliment anti-lub IgG post transfusion jaundice variable rxn