Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems: Diseases, Conditions, and Procedures

Question 2

aplastic (hypoplastic) anemia

Answer 2

a serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure

Question 3

folic-acid deficiency anemia

Answer 3

a form of anemia caused by the lack of folic acid

Question 4

hemolytic anemia

Answer 4

destruction of red blood cells

Question 5

iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 5

lack of sufficient iron in red blood cells

Question 6

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 6

infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 7

coagulation disorders

Answer 7

impairment in the ability to form blood clots or control bleeding

Question 8

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Answer 8

abnormal blood clotting in small vessels throughout the body

Question 9

hemophilia

Answer 9

(also called bleeder’s disease)
congenital hereditary disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor

Question 10

thrombocytopenia

Answer 10

abnormal decrease in platelets

Question 11

graft rejection

Answer 11

process in which a recipient’s immune system identifies the transplanted graft as a foreign substance and attacks or destroys it

Question 12

hemoglobinopathy

Answer 12

any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

Question 13

lymphedema

Answer 13

swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, resulting from an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels

Question 14

lymphoma

Answer 14

tumor of the lymph

Question 15

multiple myeloma

Answer 15

tumor of the bone marrow in more than one location

Question 16

sepsis

Answer 16

(also called septicemia or blood poisoning)
presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood

Question 17

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 17

a widespread autoimmune disease that affects the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation

Question 18

thrombocythemia

Answer 18

overproduction of platelets

Question 19

antinuclear antibody (ANA)

Answer 19

test that identifies the antibodies* that attack the nucleus of the individual’s own body cells

*these antibodies are called autoantibodies

Question 20

blood culture

Answer 20

test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream

Question 21

complete blood count (CBC)

Answer 21

(also called hemogram)
broad screening test used to evaluate red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 22

bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 22

highly sensitive imagine procedure that produces images of the bone tissue and bone marrow

Question 23

lymphangiography

Answer 23

visualization of lymph channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium

Question 24

bone marrow aspiration

Answer 24

removal of bone marrow (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination using a thin aspirating needle

Question 25

bone marrow transplant (BMT)

Answer 25

(also called stem cells transplant)
infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after destroying the diseased bone marrow

Question 26

lymphadenectomy

Answer 26

removal of lymph nodes

Question 27

sentinel node excision

Answer 27

removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells

Question 28

immunotherapy

Answer 28

*(also called biological therapy)* any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates, or restores the body’s own natural immune mechanisms to treat diseases

Question 29

transfusion

Answer 29

infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another (recipient)

Question 30

antimicrobials

Answer 30

a medicine that destroys bacteria, fungi, and protozoa

Question 31

immunosuppressants

Answer 31

a medicine that suppresses the body’s natural immune response

Question 32

thrombolytics

Answer 32

a medicine that dissolves blood clots