Respiratory System: Diseases, Conditions, and Procedures

Question 1

crackle

Answer 1

also called rale
abnormal breath sound

Question 2

rhonchus

Answer 2

abnormal breath sounds

Question 3

stridor

Answer 3

high-pitched, harsh, abnormal breath sounds

Question 4

wheeze

Answer 4

whistling or sighing abnormal breath sounds

Question 5

acidosis

Answer 5

excessive acidity of body fluids

Question 6

anosmia

Answer 6

absence of the sense of smell

Question 7

apnea

Answer 7

also called sleep apnea

not breathing

disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleeping

Question 8

central sleep apnea (CSA)

Answer 8

a form of sleep apnea that occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing

Question 9

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Answer 9

most common form of sleep apnea caused by upper airway blockage

Question 10

mixed apnea

Answer 10

type of sleep apnea that occurs when central sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea occur simultaneously

Question 11

atelectasis

Answer 11

incomplete expansion of the lung

Question 12

coryza

Answer 12

also called rhinitis
acute inflammation of the membrane of the nose

Question 13

croup

Answer 13

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and, sometimes, the lungs

Question 14

laryngotracheitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the larynx and trachea

Question 15

laryngotracheobronchitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

Question 16

cystic fibrosis

Answer 16

life-threatening genetic disease that causes thickness and stickiness of the mucus, which plugs tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas

Question 17

deviated nasal septum

Answer 17

displacement of the cartilage that divides the nostrils

Question 18

epiglottitis

Answer 18

inflammation of the epiglottis

Question 19

epistaxis

Answer 19

also called nosebleed
nasal hemorrhage

Question 20

hypoxemia

Answer 20

oxygen deficiency in arterial blood

Question 21

hypoxia

Answer 21

oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body that commonly causes cyanosis

Question 22

influenza

Answer 22

also called flu
viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain

Question 23

pertussis

Answer 23

also called whooping cough
acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a unique “whoop” sound

Question 24

pleural effusion

Answer 24

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 25

empyema

Answer 25

effusion characterized by the collection of pus in the pleural cavity

Question 26

pneumothorax

Answer 26

presence of air in the pleural cavity

Question 27

pleurisy

Answer 27

*also called pleuritis* inflammation of the pleural membrane

Question 28

pulmonary edema

Answer 28

accumulation of fluid in lung tissues and alveoli

Question 29

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 29

blockage in an artery of the lungs

Question 30

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 30

*also called crib death* sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant, usually younger than 12 months

Question 31

tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 31

abnormal condition of swelling

Question 32

Mantoux test

Answer 32

tuberculosis screening test

Question 33

oximetry

Answer 33

*also called pulse oximetry* noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen

Question 34

polysomnography

Answer 34

process of recording sleep (test of sleep cycles and stages using various equipment)

Question 35

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Answer 35

series of tests to aid in the diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments

Question 36

spirometry

Answer 36

PFT that measures how much and how quickly air moves in and out of the lungs

Question 37

bronchoscopy

Answer 37

visual examination of the bronchi

Question 38

laryngoscopy

Answer 38

visual examination of the larynx

Question 39

mediastinoscopy

Answer 39

visual examination of the mediastinal structures

Question 40

arterial blood gas (ABG)

Answer 40

test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

Question 41

sputum culture

Answer 41

testing the sputum (a mixture of saliva and mucus) to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract

Question 42

sweat test

Answer 42

measurement of the amount of salt in sweat used to diagnose cystic fibrosis

Question 43

throat culture

Answer 43

test to detect the presence of microorganisms in the throat

Question 44

chest x-ray (CXR)

Answer 44

radiographic images of the chest to identify lung conditions

Question 45

computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

Answer 45

imagining that uses computed tomography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries that appear as cuts or slices

Question 46

ventilation-perfusion scan (V-Q)

Answer 46

*also called V-Q lung scan* a test to diagnose pulmonary embolism by evaluating ventilation (airflow) and perfusion (blood flow)

Question 47

pneumonectomy

Answer 47

excision of a lung

Question 48

septoplasty

Answer 48

surgical repair of the septum

Question 49

thoracentesis

Answer 49

*also called pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis* surgical puncture of the pleural cavity

Question 50

tracheostomy

Answer 50

forming an opening in the trachea

Question 51

aerosol therapy

Answer 51

lung treatment that delivers medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways

Question 52

antral lavage

Answer 52

washing or irrigating the paranasal sinuses

Question 53

endotracheal intubation

Answer 53

a procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

Question 54

postural drainage

Answer 54

method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier

Question 55

antibiotics

Answer 55

medication that destroys the growth of microorganisms

Question 56

antitussives

Answer 56

a medicine that stops coughing

Question 57

bronchodilators

Answer 57

a medicine that relaxes the bronchial muscles and expands air passages