Blood, Lymphatic System

Question 1

Diapedesis is

Answer 1

Movement of WBC through capillary wall into surrounding tissues

Question 2

Chemotaxis is

Answer 2

Movement of WBC in response to chemical. Positive chemotaxis move towards, negative chemotaxis move away.

Question 3

Granulocytes are

Answer 3

WBC’s that contain cytoplasmic granules

Question 4

Agranulocytes are

Answer 4

WBC’s lacking cytoplasmic granules (remember the prefix “A” means without

Question 5

Polymorphonuclear are

Answer 5

Is a cell that has a nucleus with two or more lobes

Question 6

Four characteristic of circulating WBC’s

Answer 6

1: can migrate out of bloodstream (diapedesis)
2: have amoeboid movement
3: attract to chemical stimuli (positive chemotaxis)
4: some are phagocytic (neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes)

Question 7

Hematocrit

Answer 7

Percentage of blood composed of erythrocytes

Question 8

What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis

Answer 8

Kidney

Question 9

The kidneys produce what

Answer 9

Erythropoietin

Question 10

What organ is responsible for erythrocyte destruction?

Answer 10

Spleen

Question 11

Which of the following organ produce most of the plasma proteins?

Answer 11

Liver

Question 12

Which leukocyte is the least common and functions to mediate inflammation?

Answer 12

Basophil

Question 13

Plasma is

Answer 13

Pale-yellow liquid consisting mostly of water, which accounts for about 90% of its volume.

-amount of water in plasma determines thickness, or viscosity of blood

Question 14

Hematopoiesis is

-occurs in

Answer 14

Process that produces formed elements in blood.

• red bone marrow

Question 15

What cells are categorized as agranulocytes

Answer 15

Lymphocytes and monocytes

-both lack visible cytoplasmic granules, they do contain lysosomes)

Question 16

As erythroblasts mature during process of erythropoiesis, their nuclei shrink and are eventually ejected from the cells, at which point they are called ….

Answer 16

Reticulocytes

Question 17

Erythropoiesis occurs in

Answer 17

Red bone marrow

Question 18

Most common to least in leukocytes

Answer 18

1: neutrophils- most common in healthy adult, make up 60% of total leukocytes in blood

2:lymphocytes- 30-40% of total leukocytes in blood

3: eosinophils- relatively rare, 3% of total leukocytes in blood
4: basophils- lest common make up less than 1% of total leukocytes in blood

Question 19

Which leukocytes have cytoplasmic granules that stain red and bilobed nuclei

Answer 19

Eosinophils

Question 20

Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies

Answer 20

Lymphocyte

Question 21

What are the two types of lymphocytes

Answer 21

-B lymphocyte
-T lymphocytes

Question 22

Activated B lymphocytes do what

Answer 22

Secrete antibodies that bind to individual antigens

Question 23

Activated T lymphocytes do what

Answer 23

Directly destroy cancer or virally infected cells and activate other parts of the immune system

Question 24

Neutrophils are

Answer 24

Active phagocytes that ingest and destroy bacterial cells

Question 25

Eosinophils are

Answer 25

Involved in bodies response to infection with parasitic worms and in allergic reactions

Question 26

Macrophages do what

Answer 26

Ingest dead and dying cells( such as old erythrocytes or other damaged from trauma) , bacteria, antigens and other cellular debris

Question 27

What is the functional consequence of vascular spasms during hemostasis

Answer 27

Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss

Question 28

What vitamin is necessary for certain clotting factors to operate during coagulation

Answer 28

Vitamin K

Question 29

Carbohydrate groups on the surface of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as

Answer 29

Antigens

Question 30

What clotting disorder results from an inadequate amount of the Christmas factor (IX)

Answer 30

Hemophilia B

Question 31

What event initiates the intrinsic or contact pathway of coagulation

Answer 31

Factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers

Question 32

Exogenous antigens

Answer 32

Include toxins and other components of microbial cell walls, membranes, flagella and pili

Question 33

Endogenous antigens

Answer 33

Produced by microbes that reproduce inside a body’s cells

Question 34

Autoantigens

Answer 34

Derived from normal cellular processes

Question 35

Epitopes are

Answer 35

Parts of an antigen that are recognized by B and T cells

Question 36

T cells Produced in -mature in -defend against

Answer 36

-produced in bone marrow -mature in thymus -defend against abnormal cells and pathogens inside cells

Question 37

B cells -produced and mature In -function is -defend against-

Answer 37

-produce and mature in bone marrow -function is humoral/antibody immunity -defend against-antigens and pathogens in body fluids

Question 38

B cells and T cells have 1,000s of receptors in their surface that recognize only one epitope ….

Answer 38

Monospecific

Question 39

Both cellular and humoral branches can be described as going through four general stages

Answer 39

1: antigen presentation 2: lymphocyte activation 3: lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation 4: antigen elimination and memory

Question 40

Cells derived from monocytes that function as phagocytes and antigen presenting cells are called _________

Answer 40

macrophages

Question 41

The cells that phagocytize foreign antigens, process them and insert them on their cell along with MHC II proteins are called ________________ cells

Answer 41

antigen presenting

Question 42

Natural killer cells are a type of white blood cells, more specifically they are a type of _______________

Answer 42

lymphocyte