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A&P 224 > Respiratory System 224 > Flashcards

Respiratory System 224 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Diffusion

A

When a material automatically flows from higher concentration to lower concentration

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2
Q

What makes the process of cellular respiration

A

Bulk flow and simple diffusion

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3
Q

Bulk flow does what

A

Moves large numbers of molecules quickly

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4
Q

Inhalation (breathing in)

A

Diaphragm contracts pulling it flat and intercostal muscle between ribs contract lifting ribs up and out causin chest cavity to expand

-pressure inside lungs =lower
Pressure outside body=higher

Causing lungs to fill up with air!

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5
Q

Exhalation (breathing out)

A

Diaphragm relaxes again and weight of ribs settles in

-pressure inside lungs=higher
Pressure outside body= lower

Causing you to breath out

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6
Q

Conducting zone

A

Funnel air into body (upper part)

Starts with the nose

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7
Q

Function of nasal

A

Warms and moistens incoming air,so it doesn’t dry out those sensitive lung cells that must remain wet

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8
Q

Epiglottis is

A

Trap door of tissue which covers the larynx directing food/liquids to the esophagus to keep food/liquid out of lungs

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9
Q

The respiratory zone is

A

Where gas exchange actually occurs

-includes bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

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10
Q

Where does bulk of gas exchange occur in?

A

Alveoli sacs because each sac contains a cluster of alveoli (tiny cavity’s lined with super thin wet membranes made of simple squamous epithelium tissue)
-here O2 diffuses across epithelial cells into blood stream and CO2 diffuse out of body

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11
Q

Hypocapnia is

A

A drop in CO2 that occurs in blood when you hyperventilate

-signals breakdown in important function that respiratory system performs
-the exchange of gases inside blood cells where the stuff your body doesn’t want is swapped out for what is desperately needs

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12
Q

Hemoglobin

A

-4 protein chains each of which contain an iron atom

-iron readily binds with oxygen

This is how hemoglobin transports oxygen around body

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13
Q

Partial pressure is

A

Understanding of how much oxygen there is based on the pressure it’s creating

Ex: pressure of air at sea level is 760mm hG
Only 21% of this air is oxygen

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14
Q

Dissolved gases always diffuse down what

A

Their partial pressure gradient

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15
Q

A decrease of intra-alveolar pressure to 1mmHg below atmospheric pressure would be found during____.

-inspiration or expiration ?

A

Inspiration

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16
Q

Serous membrane associated with the lungs is called

A

Pleura

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17
Q

Inferior portion of the pharynx that opens into the esophagus and the larynx is the___.

A

Latyngopharynx

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18
Q

During quit breathing,_____ is an active process and ____ is passive

A

Inspiration=active
Expiration=passive

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19
Q

Air flows into the lungs when atmospheric pressure is ______ intra-alveolar pressure and air flows out of the lungs when atmospheric pressure is___ intra alveolar pressure

A

Greater than
Less than

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20
Q

The muscles of inspiration include

A

Diaphragm
Pectoralis minor
External intercostals
Scalenes

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21
Q

What is necessary for air to flow

A

Pressure gradient

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22
Q

What is necessary for air to flow

A

Pressure gradient

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23
Q

Amount of air available for gas exchange per minute is the:

A

Alveolar ventilation

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24
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in systemic arterial blood is ___mm Hg.

A

95

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25
The walls of the alveoli are form primarily of ___ epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
26
As alveoli recoil, intra-alveolar pressure:
Increases
27
At the end of expiration, the relationship between intra-alveolar and atmospheric pressures.
Pressures are equal
28
A decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane will result in a ___ in gas exchange
Decrease
29
Respiratory system may be classified STRUCTURALLY into:
Upper and lower respiratory tracts
30
The primary bronchi transports air into and out of a___
Lung
31
Oropharynx is
Extends from soft palate to the epiglottis
32
Laryngopharynx
Extend from tip of epiglottis to the esophagus
33
Nasopharynx
Above the soft palate
34
Parietal pleura
Lines the thoracic cavity
35
Visceral pleura
Lies on surface of the lung
36
The prominent laryngeal cartilage that is often larger in males than in females is the ___ cartilage.
Thyroid
37
Indicate the proportion of oxygen in the blood that is bound to hemoglobin
98.5%
38
The Po2 of blood entering pulmonary capillaries is____.
40mm Hg
39
The ____ is the main structure located between the laryngopharynx and the trachea
Larynx
40
The C-shaped rings that support the trachea are composed of ____ cartilage.
Hyaline
41
Identify structures of the mediastinum
Trachea Heart Esophagus
42
The function of surfactant is to _____ the surface tension in the lungs.
Decrease
43
Indicate the components of the respiratory membrane.
-interstitial space between alveoli and capillaries - capillary endothelium and its basement membrane -surfactant layer -alveolar epithelium and its basement membranes
44
Oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the ___ and unbinds from hemoglobin in the ____.
Binds in- pulmonary capillaries Unbinds in- tissue spaces
45
The muscles of expiration include :
Internal intercostals Transverse thoracis Abdominal muscles
46
A typical individual can hold their breath for only a short amount of time. Respiration begins again when….
Blood CO2 levels climb too high
47
Pulmonary diseases that decrease pulmonary compliance will ___ the energy required for ventilation
Increase
48
Consider the relationship between air flow, pressure and resistance. As the pressure gradient increases air flow…
Increase
49
What component of airway walls allows the dilation or constriction of airway.
Smooth muscle
50
Larynx is located between the___ and the _________.
Laryngopharynx Trachea
51
Posterior extension of the soft palate is
Uvula
52
An increase in intra-alveolar pressure (relative to atmospheric pressure) leads to airflow ____ the alveoli
Out of
53
What is the order of events that occur during quite respiration
1-inspiratory muscles relax 2- volume of thoracic cavity decreases 3- increase in intra-alveolar pressure 4- air flows out of lungs
54
Spirometry measures
The volume of air moving into and out of the lungs
55
True or false: the average partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas is 104 mmHg.
True
56
The basic ventilation rhythm is determined by neurons located in the
Medulla oblongata
57
Indicate three factors that will cause an increase in the release of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin in the tissues
1- decrease pH 2- increased temperature 3- increased Pco2
58
Pleural pressure is defined as the pressure____
In the pleural cavity
59
Identify factors that determine the concentration of a dissolved gas.
The solubility of the gas in a liquid Partial pressure of the gas
60
Main (primary) bronchi
Supply right and left lungs
61
Secondary bronchi
Supply the lobes of each lung
62
Tertiary bronchi
Supply subdivided areas within each lobe of lung
63
The respiratory membrane is
Layers through which gases diffuse between alveolar air and capillary blood
64
As the lungs are stretched, the tendency the lungs to recoil
Increase
65
Vital capacity is
Inspiration reserve volume + tidal volume+ expiratory reserve volume
66
Inspiratory capacity
Tidal volume plus inspiratory capacity
67
Functional residual capacity
Expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume, the air left in the lungs after normal expiration
68
Total lung capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume+ residual volume
69
Identify functions of the conducting zone of the respiratory system
Cleans air Humidification Warming air
70
True or false: the saturation of hemoglobin is 100% at a venous Po2 of 40mmHg.
True

A&P 224 (13 decks)

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