Blood Pressure Meds Flashcards
(38 cards)
How long should a Patient sit before a nurse checks their Blood Pressure?
5 minutes.
Hypertension is defined as?
- A systolic pressure >130 mmHg,
or
diastolic pressure >80 mmHg.
What are the secondary causes of Hypertension?
- Obstructive sleep apnea.
- Kidney disease.
- Hyperthyroidism.
- Some Medications
What happened if Hypertension is left untreated. it causes?
- Heart disease.
- Kidney disease.
- Stroke.
What is the most common symptom of Hypertension?
Headache
How can we reduce the Blood pressure in the body of a Hypertensive Patient?
- By decreasing the amount of fluids in the bloodstream.
(By taking Diuretics)
How do Diuretics work?
- They relieve the pressure of Hypertension by increasing the urine production.
Which is the First-line therapy of Hypertension?
(Thiazide-type diuretics).
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Chlorthalidone
- The are Potassium wasting (the loose potassium).
What are the different examples of Diuretics?
- Furosemide.
- Chlorthalidone.
- Hydrochlorothiazide.
- Mannitol.
- Spironolactone.
Diuretics are used to treat?
- Hypertension.
- Heart failure.
- Edema (Peripheral & Pulmonary)
- Cerebral edema due to head trauma (Mannitol)
Furosemide works in which part of the kidney?
- Ascending loop of Henle.
Furosemide is often refered as?
Loop Diuretic.
High yielding concepts of Diuretics?
- Hypotension
- Hypokalemia (Muscle cramps, Dysrhythmias, fatigue)
- Electrolytes imbalance.
- Nocturia
- Dehydration.
- Can cause hearing loss (Furosemide).
Which foods are rich in Potassium.
- Bananas.
- Winter squash.
- Sweet potatoes.
- Baked potatoes.
- White beans.
- Yogurt.
- Orange juice.
- Broccoli.
- Cantaloupe.
- Spinach.
- Tomatoes.
Facts about Spironolactone?
- Its a weak diuretic.
- Its a Potassium sparing diuretic (prevents the loss of potassium).
- They Pt should go easy on potassium and avoid salt substitutes.
- Monitor the Pt for signs of Hyperkalemia.
Facts about Mannitol?
- Its used to treat head trauma.
- Its not used for hypertension - (just for Cerebral edema & stroke).
- Keep in a warm temperature room - (To prevent crystal formation).
Facts about Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) & Chlorthalidone?
- Its cheap.
- Its safe.
- Its effective.
- Monitor for signs for hypokalemia
- Its the first-line treatment for hypertension.
Examples of Beta-Blockers?
(they end with “lol”)
(Cardioselective Agents) - they work in the heart
- Atenolol
- Metoprolol
(Nonselective Agents) - they block alot of receptors
- Carvedilol
- Labetalol
- Propranolol
Facts about the Carvedilol & Labetalol?
- They block the:-
* alpha1
* beta 1
* beta 2 receptors
The Beta-blockers are commonly prescribed for?
- Hypertension.
- Angina pectoris.
- Atrial Fibrillation.
- Cardioprotection following a heart attack (they prevent scarrying formation).
Alpha1 receptors are located in the_____________?
Arteries
Beta1 receptors are located in the_____________?
Heart
Beta2 receptors are located in the_____________?
Lungs
High yield concepts of Beta-blockers?
- Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- Blood sugar regulation - (check the blood sugar often)
- Bronchoconstriction
- Depression (propranolol)
- Erectile dysfunction (in men)
