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blood samples Flashcards

quiz 1 (68 cards)

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1
Q

What is PCV is below RI known as ?

A

Anemia

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2
Q

what is PCV is above RI known as ?

A

Erythrocytosis

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3
Q

what is AST is below RI known as ?

A

low AST

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4
Q

what is AST above RI known as ?

A

Elevated AST

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5
Q

what is protein below RI known as ?

A

hypoproteinemia

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6
Q

what is protein above RI known as ?

A

hyperproteinemia

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7
Q

What should reference intervals be based off of ?

A
  1. sex
  2. age
  3. breed
  4. physiological status
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8
Q

When looking at reference intervals & interpreting values what should be used with as cation?

A
  1. outliers
  2. exercise anemia horses
  3. food ingestion in small animals
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9
Q

what is the lower & upper limits of any test for 95% of healthy animals ?

A

reference intervals

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10
Q

what is eosinophils below RI known as?

A

Eosinopenia

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11
Q

what is eosinophils above RI known as ?

A

Eosinophilia

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12
Q

what is WBC below RI known as ?

A

Leukopenia

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13
Q

what is WBC above RI known as?

A

Leukocytosis

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14
Q

what is Neutrophils below RI known as ?

A

Neutropenia

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15
Q

what is Neutrophils above RI known as?

A

Neutrophilia

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16
Q

what is Platelets below RI known as ?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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17
Q

what is Glucose below RI known as ?

A

hypoglycemia

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18
Q

what is glucose above RI known as ?

A

hyperglycemia

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19
Q

what is K below RI known as ?

A

hypokalemia

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20
Q

what is K above RI known as ?

A

hyperkalemia

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21
Q

what is pH below RI known as ?

A

acidemia

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22
Q

what is pH above RI known as ?

A

alkalemia

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23
Q

what is Lymphocytes below RI known as?

A

lymphoenia

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24
Q

what is Lymphocytes above RI known as ?

A

Lymphocytosis

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25
When interpreting laboratory results what method should be used ?
1. Extracting all abnormal values (E) 2. rank all abnormal values (R) 3. Connect lab pattern with history & clinical signs (C)
26
what is RI for protein?
6-8 g/dL
27
When interpreting Lab results by extracting all abnormal values what should you consider?
if the animal is sick vs. healthy
28
what is the ranking for abnormal values ?
1. mild 2. moderate 3. marked
29
How does the ranking of abnormal values vary ?
1. parameters 2. species 3. age
30
When looking at abnormal values how can you recognize patterns?
1. establish dz mechanism or pattern using lab abnormalities 2. develop a list of differential diagnosis for dz pattered 3. connect lab pattern with hx & clinical signs 4. decided if further test are required
31
How can you establish dz mechanism our patterns by using abnormal value ?
1. evaluate the possible multiple patterns | 2. remove peculiarities of RI & artifacts
32
How can you develop a list of differentials diagnosis for dz patterns by using abnormal values>?
1. some dz produce lab patterns | 2. mixed patterns
33
How can you connect lab patterns w/ hx & clinical signs?
identify the most likely differential dx
34
Why is ranking important when interpreting abnormal values?
rules dz & find the diagnosis
35
what are type of blood samples ?
1. whole blood 2. serum blood 3. plasma blood
36
what are types of cytology samples ?
1. Fluid 2. Biopsies 3. FNAs
37
what are type of urine samples?
1. free catch 2. cystocentesis 3. catheterized
38
What is the best way to collect blood samples in large animals ?
jugular & in the morning
39
what is the best way to collect blood samples in big canines ?
cephalic & fasted
40
what is the best way to collect blood sample in small canines?
jugular &fasted
41
what is the best way to collect blood samples in feline ?
jugular or cephalic & fasted
42
what is the best way to collect blood sample in porcine ?
anterior vena cava
43
what is the best way to collect blood sample in rabbit/pis?
ear vein
44
what is the best way to collect blood sample in avians?
wing vein
45
what is the best way to collect blood samples in iguana ?
tail vein
46
Why do you remove the syringe when placing blood into tube >?
prevent damage/lysis to morphology of cells
47
When taking blood sample what should be done as well & sent with the blood tubes?
several smears
48
what are the chemicals that prevent clotting of blood?
anticoagulants
49
What will happen when not placing enough blood into a tube with EDTA ?
EDTA shrinks RBCs
50
what will happen when to much blood is placed into a tube with EDTA ?
EDTA will lead to clot formation
51
what blood tube is sample of choice for hematology ?
EDTA → purple top
52
what are the characterstics of EDTA tube?
1. preserves cell morphology 2. interferes least w/ romanowsky stains 3. prevents clot formation in joint fluids
53
What type of hematology should an EDTA tube not be used in?
fish hematology
54
what test should an EDTA tube not be used in b/c is forms insoluble complex w/ Ca?
Coagulation test
55
How long is an EDTA sample stable for in room temperature ?
24 hrs
56
How long is an EDTA sample stable for in 4˚C/39.2F?
2-3 days
57
What should never be done with an EDTA sample ?
1. Never frozen | 2. never separate plasma & cells
58
What happens with there is hemolysis in vitro ?
1. lowers RBCs 2. Lowers PCV 3. increase MCHC
59
What tube is anticoagulant & sample of choice for biochemistry?
lithium heparin → green top
60
what are the characteristics of lithium heparin tube ?
1. interferes least w/ chemical assays least 2. choice for fish hematology 2. inhibits prothrombin & thrombin
61
Should lithium be used for coagulation test ?>
NO
62
what blood tube has no additive or anticoagulant & is the blood tube of choice for serology & biochemistry?
plan blood tube → red top
63
what is the sample of choice for measuring glucose & prevents RBCs from utilizing glucose ?
fluoride oxalate blood tube → grey tube
64
what is the sample of choice for testing coagulation due to is binding poorly w/ Ca?
Sodium citrate blood tube → blue top
65
Does plasma or serum have clotting factors ?
plasma
66
what is the time frame for a lithium or serum sample when refrigerate?
< 24 hrs
67
what is the time frame for lithium or serum sample when frozen?
> 24 hrs
68
What are the consequences when there is hemolysis of lithium heparin or serum sample ?
1. increase K 2. increase P 3. increase AST

SGU clin path (4 decks)

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