urine & cytology

Question 1

What are the type of collection for urine specimen?

Answer 1

1. spot collection (free catch)
2. catheterized samples
3. cystocentesis

Question 2

what type of method for collecting urine sample will it be normal to see cell & microbes from lower UT?

Answer 2

spot collection

Question 3

what type of method for collecting urine sample will it be normal to see cells & microbes & blood due to trauma?

Answer 3

catheterized sample

Question 4

what type of method for collecting urine sample do you use a fine needle to obtain a sample that is not contaminated by microbes & transitional cells but has some blood?

Answer 4

cystocentesis

Question 5

What can cause your urine sample to be have a False positive occur?

Answer 5

by not stating the method of collection

Question 6

What type of test is an urinalysis ?

Answer 6

bacteria & chemical assay

Question 7

why should an urinalysis be examined immediately ?

Answer 7

1. lysis of cells & casts associated w/ bacterial multiplication cause false positive chemical rxn

Question 8

How can you preserve urine specimens?

Answer 8

1. Refrigerate immediately - slow bacterial proliferation

2. preservative

Question 9

what are type of preservative for urine specimens?

Answer 9

• 1 drop of 40% formaldehyde to 30 mL of urine
• 3 mL of 10% formal saline to 30 mL of urine
• 0.5 g boric acid to 30 mL or urine
• cover surface of urine w/ layer of toluene

Question 10

what does preservatives in urine specimen interfere with?

Answer 10

chemical tests

Question 11

What are the type of proper restraint when collecting cytologic samples?

Answer 11

1. physical
2. sedation
3. anesthesia

Question 12

What are types of cytologic samples?

Answer 12

1. fluid
2. organs
3. masses

Question 13

what are types of fluid samples for cytology ?

Answer 13

1. peritoneal
2. pleural
3. pericardial
4. CSF
5. Joint

Question 14

What type of collected tube do you used for Cytology of fluid?

Answer 14

1. EDTA & sterilin in plain tube

Question 15

Why is EDTA used for fluid cytologies?

Answer 15

1. preserves cell morphology

2. prevents clot formation in joint fluid if blood contamination occurs

Question 16

When can sterilin tubes be used in fluid cytology?

Answer 16

testing culture for micro-organism

Question 17

When should analyze for fluid cytology be done?

Answer 17

1. immediately
   - direct smear
   - sediment smears
2. proper restraint

Question 18

What is lavages ?

Answer 18

Introducing fluid to an area to make contact with the lesion to obtain some of the cells of said lesion

Question 19

Where would you perform lavages ?

Answer 19

1. nasal
2. tracheal
3. Bronchial
4. vaginal
5. urinary bladder

Question 20

what do you collect Lavages in ?

Answer 20

1. EDTA tube

2. Sterilin tubes

Question 21

How should CSF be collected for cytology?

Answer 21

1. adequate restraint
2. collect in EDTA tube
3. Analyze in 30 -60 mins

Question 22

what should be added to CSF sample to increase stability by increasing protein concentration?

Answer 22

BSA - bovine serum

Question 23

How should fine needle aspirate by collected?

Answer 23

1. adequate restraint

2. fine needle then make smear

Question 24

What type of masses can a FNA be on ?

Answer 24

1. Lymph nodes
2. skin swellings
3. internal organs

Question 25

What are types of touch imprints (impression smears)?

Answer 25

1. punch biopsies | 2. necropsies

Question 26

How should a touch imprint be performed?

Answer 26

1. touch cut surface of mass with clean slide 2. air dry slide 3. drop reminder of mass in formalin

Question 27

What information should be on the label of blood tube ?

Answer 27

1. Owner: name , address, telephone # 2. Animals data : identification , age ,sex ,breed 3. Sample : data , type , test required

Question 28

When sending the specimen that has been collecting what type of information should be with it ?

Answer 28

1. history & clinical signs - any drugs - excitement of bleeding time

Question 29

How do you describe the sample you submitted for testing?

Answer 29

states the collection tube & what specimen is in the tube

Question 30

what are the type of factors that can effect results of specimens sent to lab?

Answer 30

1. Pre-analytocal factors 2. Analytial factors 3. Post -analytical factors

Question 31

what are the pre-analytical factors affecting results ?

Answer 31

1. clinicans | 2. Animal s

Question 32

what are the pre-analytical factors from clinicians that affect results ?

Answer 32

1. choice of anticoagulants 2. sample collection & handling 3. analysis: ASAP 4. accompany the sample w/: - accurate signalment - clinical signs & hx

Question 33

what are the pre-analytical factors from animals that affect results ?

Answer 33

1. Fixed factors 2. transient factors 3. sample animal before tx

Question 34

what are the fixed factors for pre-analytical factors of animals that affect results ?

Answer 34

1. species 2. breed 3. age 4. Sex

Question 35

What are the transient factors for pre-analytical factors of animals that affect results ?

Answer 35

1. large animal especially horses need to be retested | 2. small animals should be fasted

Question 36

what are type of treatment should a sample be taken before hand to cause pre-analytical factors of animals that affect results ?

Answer 36

1. Antibiotics 2. steroids 3. Ca-Borogluconate

Question 37

What are the types of equipment that cause analytical factors to affect results ?

Answer 37

1. manual vs. automated methods 2. idea vs. Hemavet 3. wet biochemistry vs. dry biochemistry

Question 38

what are the type of analytical factors that affect results ?

Answer 38

1. Type of Equipment 2. Skill & experience of technical 3. Quality control 4. Incorrect transcription of results 5. use of wrong RI 6. Errors interpretation