blood supply Flashcards
(50 cards)
main arteries in upper limb tree
subclavian axillary brachial radial ulnar common interosseous palmar carpal arch dorsal carpal arch
where does subclavian start and begin?
bifurcation of brachiocephalic trunk into subclavian and common carotid on the left side, on the right straight from aorta into subclavian
at the end of the clavicle becomes axillary
axillary artery beginning and end
end of the clavicle, enters the axilla and supplies the deltoid, end of axilla becomes brachial
brachial beginning and end
end of axilla, supplies upper arm, bifurcates into radial and ulnar at the elbow
what do the radial and ulnar vessels supply?
ulnar supplies the medial and ulnar aspect of the forearm and hand
radial supplies the lateral and radial aspect of the forearm and hand
beginning and end of common interosseous
originates from ulnar vessel, passes through the interosseous membrane, divides into anterior and posterior branches
end of radial and ulnar explained
anastomose to form the palmar and dorsal carpal arches
how are the digits vascularised?
metacarpal and digital arteries come off the carpal arches
what is the venous drainage composed of?
two systems of veins; deep and superficial
explain superficial veins
lie in the subcutaneous tissue and have valves to prevent the back flow of blood
arise from the dorsal venous palmar arch at the back of the hand, forming the cephalic and basilica veins
explain deep veins
deep veins lie within the deep fascia and in general run alongside the arteries
deep veins have valves to prevent back flow of blood
usually two veins run alongside each artery
deep veins in upper limb
axillary vein if formed as the basilic vein passes through the fascia to join the venue commit antes of the brachial artery
axillary vein ends at the first rib to become the subclavian vein
axillary vein receives blood from cephalic vein and abdominal veins
4 different types of lymphatics in upper limb
superficial lymphatics, cubital lymph nodes, delta-pectoral lymph nodes, deep lymphatics and axillary lymph nodes
explain superficial lymphatics
lymph drains from hand via superficial lymphatics which run alongside cephalic and basilic veins
where does the lymph ultimately drain?
into the axillary lymph nodes
explain deep lymphatics
run alongside deep venous return, also terminate at axillary lymph nodes
where do the axillary lymph nodes drain?
into the subclavian lymphatic trunk which join the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct on the left
anastomosis definition
any connection between tube like structures
arterial anastomoses provide an alternative blood supply to target areas in cases where the primary arterial pathway is obstructed
where are the arterial anastomoses most abundant? + why?
in regions where the blood supply may be easily damaged or blocked
such as the joints and intestines
important nodes within the axilla
central nodes, composed of 3-4 large lymph nodes near the base of the axilla which receive lymph via efferent vessels from the pectoral, sub scapular and humeral axillary lymph node groups
where does the lymph from the central nodes drain?
into the apical axillary lymph nodes, which are located in the apex of the axilla
they receive lymph from efferent vessels of the central axillary nodes, therefore all axillary lymph node groups
where else do the apical axillary nodes receive lymph from?
from superficial lymphatics running alongside the cephalic vein
what is an important feature of lymphatic vessels + function?
valves
found in large lymph vessels and collecting vessels, absent in lymphatic capillaries
prevent the back flow of fluid
when the pressure of lymph increases in the vessel (due to more lymph or smooth muscle contraction) the valve opens, allowing fluid to move into the next chamber, called a lymphangion
as the pressure falls, the open valve closes, preventing the back flow of lymph
what is the dominant pathway of lymph drainage from breast?
axillary
