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ANAT3004 > Blood Supply and Drainage > Flashcards

Blood Supply and Drainage Flashcards

1
Q

T/F:

Arteries have a smaller lumen than veins and are tortuous in appearance

A

True

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2
Q

Why are veins darker in colour in comparison to arteries?

A

Blood contained within the vein is partly visible due to the thinner walls

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3
Q

Where do arteries have valves?

A

Origins of aorta and pulmonary artery

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4
Q

Why are veins more superficial than arteries?

A

So that slow venous return isn’t compressed by an overlying artery

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5
Q

What are the two nerves associated with arteries?

A

Vasomotor

Hitchhikers

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6
Q

T/F:

Vasomotor nerves are mostly parasympathetic

A

False

Mostly sympathetic

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7
Q

T/F:

Lymph plexuses penetrate the walls of vessels

A

False

Remain on the adventitia

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8
Q

What is an anastomosis?

A

Join between two vessels bypassing the usual route

Join between two vessels of the same type- can feed into each other’s territories

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9
Q

T/F:

Endothelium is a single layer of flattened epithelial cells that forms the innermost lining of blood vessels

A

False

Also forms the lining of lymph vessels as well (robyn specifically states ALL vessels)

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10
Q

What are the branches of the arch of aorta? (the ones that form this course)

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left Common carotid
Left subclavian artery

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11
Q

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Right subclavian artery and right common carotid

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12
Q

T/F:

The left common carotid is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk

A

False

Left common carotid is a branch of the arch of the aorta

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13
Q

What are the branches of the right/left subclavian arteries?

A

Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical
Costocervical

(VIT C)

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14
Q

What is a landmark for the arch of the aorta?

A

At the level of the manubriosternal joint

T4= sternal angle= underside of the arch of the aorta

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15
Q

T/F:
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arise from the arch of the aorta in front of the manubrium

A

False

They arise BEHIND the manubrium

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16
Q

At what level does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into the right subclavian artery and right common carotid?

A

Right sternoclavicular joint

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17
Q

At what level does the common carotid divide into the internal and external carotids?

A

Level of the top of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

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18
Q

T/F:

External and Internal carotids are deep to SCM?

A

True

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19
Q

What is contained within the carotid sheath? What is its function

A

Functions as support for the common carotid, internal carotid, internal jugular, vagus nerve

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20
Q 
T/F:
In terms of the positioning of the structures within the carotid sheath:
Common/internal carotid= medial
Internal jugular= posterior
Vagus= medial
A

False
Common/internal= medial
Internal jugular= lateral
Vagus= posterior

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21
Q

Name two structures related to the carotid sheath

A

Ansa cervicalis

Sympathetic trunk

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22
Q

Name the three anterior branches of the external carotid artery

A

Superficial thyroid
Lingual
Facial

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23
Q

T/F:

The superficial thyroid artery runs superficially to SCM

A

False

Arises deep to SCM, crosses anterior triangle of the face, runs deep to infrahyroid strap muscles of the neck

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24
Q

T/F:

The lingual artery passes deep to posterior belly of digastric

A

False
Passes deep to intermediate tendon of digastric muscle and submandibular gland, travels medially to hyoglossus and into postero-inferior tongue

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25
Q

T/F:
Facial artery loops posterior to submandibular gland, crosses body of mandible, runs obliquely across the face to the lateral corner of the eye

A

False

MEDIAL corner of the eye

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26
Q

What does the facial artery supply?

A 
Soft palate
Tonsils
Submandibular gland
Sublingual glands
Superficial face
Adjacent muscles
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27
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery?

A

Tonsilar artery, submental artery, inferior/superior labial arteries

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28
Q

T/F: The tonsilar artery is a branch of the lingual artery

A

False

It is a branch of the facial artery

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29
Q

What are the posterior branches of the external carotid?

A

Ascending pharyngeal
Occipital
Posterior Auricular

30
Q

What are the two branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery and what do they supply?

A

Extracranial branch:
- upper pharynx, temporomandibular joint, tympanic cavity

Intracranial branch:
- passes through foramen magnum and supplies meninges

31
Q

Which artery supplies SCM? What is it a branch of?

A

Occipital artery

Posterior branch of external carotid

32
Q

T/F:
Occipital artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that runs deep to posterior belly of digastric, passes behind mastoid and muscles and skin of occiput

A

True

33
Q

What does the posterior auricular artery supply? What is it a branch of?

A

Branch of the external carotid (posterior branch)

Supplies parotid, aurical and occipital region

34
Q

Where does the ascending pharyngeal artery arise from? (ie what level roughly)

A

Near the origin of the external carotid

35
Q

What level/where does the external carotid artery terminate? What does it terminate into?

A

Divides within the parotid gland at the level of the neck of the condyle of mandible
Divides into superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery

36
Q

What are the two branches of the superficial temporal artery? What does it then divide into?

A

Transverse facial artery

  • Arises within the parotid BELOW zygomatic arch
  • Supplies part of the parotid and inferior part of orbicularis oculi

Zygomatico-orbital artery

  • Arises ABOVE zygomatic arch
  • Supplies superior orbicularis occuli

Then divides into anterior and posterior branches to supply scalp, ear, temporalis muscle

37
Q

What are the importance branches of the maxillary artery?

A 
Deep auricular artery
Anterior tympanic artery
Middle meningeal artery
Inferior alveolar artery
Medial and lateral pterygoid, masseteric, buccinators
Posterior superior alveolar artery
Infraorbital artery
38
Q

T/F:

internal carotid usually branches in the neck

A

False

Usually unbranched in the neck

39
Q

What is the carotid sinus and body?

A

Sinus= dilation at the origin of the internal carotid
- contains nerve endings in the wall (detect pressure)

Body= outside the artery wall
- Detects oxygen levels

40
Q

What two foramen does the internal carotid pass through?

A

Carotid canal and foramen lacerum

41
Q

T/F:

Internal carotid passes through foramen ovale

A

False

Passes through carotid canal and foramen lacerum

42
Q

T/F:
The internal carotid has an ophthalmic artery branch that accompanies the optic nerve through the optic canal to supply the orbit, eye and forehead

A

True

43
Q

What are two branches of the opthalmic artery?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

44
Q

T/F:
The vertebral artery is the first branch of the subclavian artery (comes from the posterior side)
Ascends and passes through foramen transversaria of cervical vertebrae 1-6
Passes through foramen lacerum to form a single basilar artery

A

False

It passes through foramen magnum to form a single basilar artery

45
Q

T/F:

Internal throacic artery is an inferior branch of the subclavian artery that descends to supply the thorax

A

True

46
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid artery come from?

A

Thryocervical trunk (anterior branch of subclavian artery)

47
Q

T/F:

Costocervical is superficial to anterior scalene muscle

A

False

It is deep

48
Q

What assists venous return?

A

Gravity
Muscle in vein walls
External pressure from contraction of adjacent viscera, movement of adjacent viscera, suction

49
Q

What does superior vena cava branch into?

A

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

50
Q

What are the branches of the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Inferior thyroid
Internal thoracic
Vertebral

51
Q

What are the two tributaries of the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Internal jugular

Subclavian

52
Q

T/F:

The external jugular is a branch of the internal jugular

A

False

Branch of the subclavian vein

53
Q

T/F:

inferior thyroid veins drain vessels within the thyroid only

A

False

They also drain vessels in the larynx, trachea and oesophagus

54
Q

Where does the internal jugular collect blood from?

A

Dural sinuses

Facial, lingual, pharyngeal, superior and middle thyroid veins

55
Q

Where does the anterior jugular originate from?

A

Originates in submandibular region

Runs down and out into either the external jugular or the subclavian vein

56
Q

What two veins drain into the external jugular?

A

Confluence of posterior branch of retromandibular being and posterior auricular vein

57
Q

What does the maxillary vein drain?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus

58
Q

T/F:

The pterygoid plexus is a deep network of fine veins between the digastric and pterygoid muscles

A

False

Between the temporalis and pterygoid muscles

59
Q

Where does the retromandibular vein form and how?

A

It forms from the confluence of the maxillary and superficial temporal veins in the parotid

60
Q

What does the retromandibular divide into?

A

Anterior and posterior branch

61
Q

T/F:

The anterior branch of the retromandibular vein drains into the facial vein which drains into the internal jugular

A

True

62
Q

T/F:

The posterior branch of the retromandibular vein joins with the posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular

A

True

63
Q

Which two veins form the facial vein?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

64
Q

Where does the facial vein receive blood from?

A

Anterior maxillar and anterior mandible (plus other tributaries)

65
Q

Where does the posterior maxillar and mandible drain to?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus

66
Q

What does the deep facial vein connect?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus with facial vein

67
Q

Where does the occipital vein arise from?

A

Arises from the posterior network of veins of the scalp, drains into either vertebral or posterior auricular veins

68
Q

T/F:

Superior saggital sinus runs in dura beneath the saggital suture

A

True

69
Q

T/F:

The cavernous sinuses are in the anterior cranial fossa

A

False

Middle

70
Q

T/F:

The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries are branches of the maxillary artery

A

False

They are branches of the opthalmic artery (branch of the internal carotid)

ANAT3004 (17 decks)

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