Lymphatics

Question 1

T/F:

Lymph tissue fluid is returned to the systemic circulation

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are three functions of lymph vessels?

Answer 2

Collection of tissue lymph fluid and its return to the systemic circulation

transport of lymphocytes and other cells

transport of long chain fatty acids from the small intestine via lacteals in villi of intestines

Question 3

How do lymph capillaries arise?

Answer 3

Arise as permeable blindly ending tubes in connective tissue that are intially a plexus and then anastamose to form larger vessels

Question 4

What facilitates transport of lymph fluid?

Answer 4

Gravity
Muscle in walls
External pressure
Valves

Question 5

T/F:

Lymph vessels are always associated with nodes

Answer 5

False

Question 6

T/F:

vessels are not found in cartilage and healthy non-inflammed human cornea

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F:

Valves are found in lymph capillaries

Answer 7

False

Found in larger post capillary lymph vessels

Question 8

What are the two functions of lymph nodes?

Answer 8

Immunosurveilance of lymph

Production of lymphocytes and other immune cells which are then taken up by the lymph

Question 9

T/F:

Lymph nodes are not organs

Answer 9

False

they are tiny organs

Question 10

T/F:

nodes are not always associated with lymph vessels

Answer 10

False

always associated with vessels

Question 11

T/F:

Most of our nodes are in our limbs and thoracic duct

Answer 11

False
none in thoracic duct
not many in limbs
mostly found in neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, groin

Question 12

Name 3 other lymph organs

Answer 12

spleen, thymus, tonsils

Question 13

Name the 5 tributaries of the thoracic duct

Answer 13

1 gastro intestinal trunk
2 thoracic descending trunks
2 lumbar trunks

Question 14

T/F:

The left jugular trunk drains the left upper limb

Answer 14

False

drains the head and neck

Question 15

T/F:

The left bronchomediastinal trunk drains the upper left throax

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the origin of the thoracic duct?

Answer 16

Cisterna chyli

Question 17

T/F:

The origin of the thoracic duct is at the jugulosubclavian junction

Answer 17

False
origin= cisterna chyli
jugulosubclavian junction is where it terminates

Question 18

T/F:

All lymph vessels have valves

Answer 18

False

not all

Question 19

T/F:

lots of valves found in the thoracic duct and bronchomediastinal trunk

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What kind of valve is seen in lymph vessels?

Answer 20

Bicuspid

prevents or reduces regurgitation of blood in life

Question 21

What gives lymph vessels their vein like appearance post mortem?

Answer 21

Bicuspid valve becomes non-functional fairly quickly post mortem
blood is regurgitated

Question 22

T/F:

valves are found in jugular trunks and at their termination

Answer 22

False

Question 23

The thoracic duct passes deep to ____ before terminating in the jugulosubclavian junction

Answer 23

Passes deep to the internal jugular vein

Question 24

What is the general pattern of lymph drainage in the head and neck?

Answer 24

vessels –>superficial nodes –> deep nodes
vessels –> deep nodes (ie in the tongue)
ultimately to the jugular lymph trunk

Question 25

List the four superficial nodes that drain the head

Answer 25

Occipital
Retroauricular
Parotid
Buccal

Question 26

List the four superficial nodes that drain the neck

Answer 26

Superficial cervical (over lateral surface of SCM)
Submandibular (between mandible and submandibular gland)
Submental (overlies mylohyoid muscle)
Anterior cervical (over thyroid, larynx, trachea)

Question 27

T/F:

superficial cervical nodes overlie mylohyoid muscle

Answer 27

False
overlie SCM
submental overlies mylohyoid muscle

Question 28

T/F:

submandibular nodes are in between maxilla and submandibular gland

Answer 28

False

between mandible and submandibular gland

Question 29

T/F:

deep nodes go the the bronchomediastinal trunk

Answer 29

False

they go to the jugular trunk

Question 30

What are the two deep nodes of the head?

Answer 30

Lingual

Retropharyngeal

Question 31

At what level are retropharyngeal nodes found?

Answer 31

Level of the atlas

found inbetween the upper pharynx and cervical vertebrae

Question 32

Where do the deep nodes of the head drain to?

Answer 32

Drain into upper deep cervical nodes –> these drain to jugular trunk

Question 33

Where can you find lingual nodes?

Answer 33

At the root of the tongue

Question 34

Deep nodes of the neck are divided into superior and inferior based on the positioning relative to which neck muscle?

Answer 34

Omohyoid

Question 35

T/F:

Deep nodes of the neck are superficial to SCM

Answer 35

False

deep/medial to SCM

Question 36

List the two superior deep nodes of the neck

Answer 36

Jugulodigastric

Retropharyngeal

Question 37

List the two inferior deep nodes of the neck

Answer 37

Jugulo-omohyoid

Supraclavicular/anterior scalene group

Question 38

Which groups make up the axillary nodes?

Answer 38

Posterior group
Lateral group
Anterior group
Central group

Question 39

Floor of mouth, mandibular teeth and gingiva drain to ______ and ____ nodes

Answer 39

submandibular and sub mental

Question 40

Hard and soft palate, maxillary teeth and gingivia drain to ______

Answer 40

retropharyngeal nodes

Question 41

Where does the tongue drain to?

Answer 41

submental, submandibular or to both upper and lower deep cervical nodes

Question 42

T/F:

Supraclavicular/anterior scalene nodes are located in surpaclavicular fossa, just lateral to digastric

Answer 42

False

lateral to clavicular head of SCM

Question 43

Where do the tonsils drain to?

Answer 43

Pharyngeal nodes
lingual nodes
palatine nodes (2)