blood supply and innervation + bones of the knee and thigh

Question 1

femoral artery

Answer 1

• enters the lower limb at inguinal ligament
• travels down the anteromedial aspect of the thigh
• passes through the adductor canal
• supplies ANTERIOR THIGH

Question 2

what does the femoral artery supply

Answer 2

anterior thigh

Question 3

femoral artery branches

Answer 3

profunda femoris (off femoral artery)
lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries (off profunda femoris)

Question 4

profunda femoris

Answer 4

• passes between muscles of the medial compartment
• pierces the medial compartment muscles
• supplies blood to the POSTERIOR THIGH

Question 5

where does the profunda femoris supply

Answer 5

to posterior thigh

Question 6

lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA)

Answer 6

• short branch of the femoral artery
• curves around the neck of femur = “circumflex”
• contribute blood:
  anterior thigh
  hip joint

Question 7

where does the LCFA supply

Answer 7

anterior thigh and hip joint

Question 8

medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA)

Answer 8

• posteromedial branch of deep femoral artery
• courses around neck of femur
• emerges un gluteal region
• supplies:
  posterior thigh
  hip joint

Question 9

where does the MCFA supply

Answer 9

posterior thigh
hip joint

Question 10

what is in the popliteal fossa

Answer 10

• popliteal artery
• geniculate arteries
• posterior recurrent tibial artery
• anterior tibial artery
• posterior tibial artery

Question 11

popliteal artery

Answer 11

• enters leg at the base of the popliteal fossa
  supplies :
• knee joint
• superficial posterior leg

Question 12

where does the popliteal artery supply

Answer 12

• knee joint
• superficial posterior leg

Question 13

posterior tibial recurrent artery

Answer 13

• branches laterally from popliteal artery
• moves superior = “recurrent”
• supplies blood:
  proximal end of the fibula
  tibia

Question 14

where does posterior tibial recurrent artery supply

Answer 14

proximal end of the fibula
tibia

Question 15

anterior tibial artery

Answer 15

• originates posteriorly
• branches laterally
• pierces interossues membrane

Question 16

anterior tibial arteries

Answer 16

• runs deep on top of the interosseus membrane
• terminates in foot
• supplies blood to anterior leg

Question 17

what does the anterior tibial artery branch into

Answer 17

anterior tibial recurrent artery
- terminates superiorly at the anterior knee joint
- supplied blood to knee joint

Question 18

what does the anterior tibial artery supply

Answer 18

anterior leg

Question 19

posterior tibial arteries

Answer 19

• runs between the superfifcal and deep posterior muscle group
• terminates in foot
• supplies: deep posterior leg

Question 20

what braches off the posterior tibial artery

Answer 20

fibular artery

Question 21

fibular artery

Answer 21

runs down parallel and lateral to tibial artery
supplies:
- lateral leg
- superficial posterior leg

Question 22

where does the fibular artery supply

Answer 22

• lateral leg
• superficial posterior leg

Question 23

dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 23

• enters via anterior tibial artery
• bifurcates at the dorsum of the foot
• deep plantar artery branches posteriorly
  supplies:
  dorsum of the foot
  digits

Question 24

posterior tibial artery to the foot

Answer 24

• curves under the medial calcaneus
• lateral and medial plantar arteries
• deep plantar arch
• deep plantar arteriers
• supplies plantar of foot and digits

Question 25

veins of the foot

Answer 25

- anterior tibial veins - great saphenous vein - dorsal venous network of the foot - plantar venous network of the foot - posterior tibial veins

Question 26

veins of the leg

Answer 26

- popliteal vein (anterior part) - great saphenous vein - anterior tibial veins - venous network of the foot - popliteal vein (posterior part) - posterior tibial veins

Question 27

great saphenous vein

Answer 27

- empties into the femoral vein

Question 28

femoral vein

Answer 28

- ascends from the popliteal vein - ascends to the inguinal region

Question 29

lumbosacral plexus

Answer 29

- obturator nerve (L2-L4) - femoral nerve (L2-L4) - sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 30

obturator nerve

Answer 30

- runs down the anterior medial aspect of thigh - terminates in thigh M: medial thigh muscles S: skin over the proximal part of the medial thigh

Question 31

femoral nerve

Answer 31

- descends the anterior thigh to leg - divides into branches M: anterior thigh muscles S: skin of anteromedial thigh and medial aspects of knee, leg and foot

Question 32

sciatic nerve

Answer 32

- runs inferiorly between the medial and posterior thigh compartments - L4-S3 - M: posterior thigh muscles

Question 33

sicatic nerve termination + branches

Answer 33

- at the popliteal fossa divides into 2 branches - tibial nerve - fibular nerve

Question 34

tibial nerve

Answer 34

- continues down the posterior aspect of the leg - terminates at the heel of the foot M: posterior leg muscles and majority of food muscles S: sole of the foot and posterior leg

Question 35

fibular (peroneal) nerve

Answer 35

- curves around the head of the fibula - once in anterior compartment of the leg, divides into 3 branches - terminates in the foot - innervates the lateral and anterior leg muscles

Question 36

fibular nerve (innvartion)

Answer 36

M: lateral and anterior leg muscles M: medial aspect of foot muscles S: lateral leg and dorsum of the foot

Question 37

distal femur

Answer 37

- lateral epicondyle - lateral condyle - adductor tubercle - medical epicondyle - medial condyle - patella surface - intercondylar fossa - linea aspera

Question 38

what are seen posterior of a femur

Answer 38

- linea aspera - gluteal tuberosity - adductor tubercle

Question 39

patella features

Answer 39

- articular surfaces

Question 40

proximal tibia features (anterior)

Answer 40

- lateral condyle - intercondylar eminence - medial condyle - tibial tuberosity - anterior border

Question 41

tibia proximal features (posterior)

Answer 41

- tibial plateau - intercondylar eminence - medial condyle - lateral condyle - soleal line

Question 42

knee joint

Answer 42

- synovial - modified hinge - joint capsule - bursae

Question 43

knee joint movement

Answer 43

- flexion - extension - small amount of medial and lateral rotation

Question 44

bones of the knee

Answer 44

- femur - patella - tibia - fibula (is not part of the knee joint, but is an attachment site for ligaments)

Question 45

ligaments of the knee

Answer 45

cruciate ligaments collateral ligaments patellar ligament quadriceps tendon

Question 46

cruciate ligaments

Answer 46

- anterior cruciate ligament - posterior cruciate ligament

Question 47

collateral ligaments

Answer 47

- lateral collateral ligament - medial collateral ligament

Question 48

tendon

Answer 48

muscle to bone

Question 49

ligament

Answer 49

bone to bone

Question 50

menisci of the knee

Answer 50

medial meniscus lateral meniscus

Question 51

about menisci of the knee

Answer 51

- fibrocartilage - reduce friciton - increase stability - absorb shock

Question 52

about the medial menisci

Answer 52

medial= larger and fixed (attached to MCL) - oval

Question 53

abut the lateral menisci

Answer 53

lateral= smaller and mobile (moves down when flexion) - circular