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ANAT 315 > upper limb+ forearm, wrist hand > Flashcards

upper limb+ forearm, wrist hand Flashcards

1
Q

blood supply of upper limb (arterial supply)

A
  1. subclavian artery
  2. axillary artery
  3. brachial artery
  4. profunda brachii
  5. radial artery
  6. ulnar artery
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2
Q

when does subclavian artery become axillary artery?

A

at the border of the first rib

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3
Q

when does axillary artery become brachial artery?

A

at the inferior border of teres major

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4
Q

type of venous drainage (veins)

A
  • deep veins
    accompany arteries and usually take the same name
  • superficial veins
    rub subcutaneously (under the skin)
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5
Q

deep vein- venous drainage

A
  1. palmar venous arches
  2. ulnar + radial
  3. brachial
  4. axially
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6
Q

superficial veins- venous drainage

A
  1. digital vs.
  2. palmar venous arches
  3. cephalic + basilic
  4. axillary
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7
Q

the axilla

A
  • important area of passage for blood vessels and nerves
  • including those of the brachial plexus
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8
Q

walls of the axilla

A

anterior
- pec major
- pec minor

medial wall
- thoracic wall
- serratus anterior

posterior
- subscapularis + teres major

lateral wall
- humerus

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9
Q

the brachial plexus

A
  • a mixed nerve plexus
  • carries both sensory and motor information
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10
Q

what does the brachial plexus innervate

A
  • pectoral girdle
  • upper limb & skin of arm
  • forearm
  • hand
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11
Q

what is brachial plexus divided into

A
  • roots
  • trunks
  • divisions
  • cords
  • branches
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12
Q

roots

A

formed by contributions of spinal nerves
- C5-T1
(there is a C8 included even though C8 is not a thing)

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13
Q

nerves that come off the root

A

dorsal scapular nerve
- levator scapulae
- rhomboid major & minor

long thoracic nerve
- serratus anterior
- contributions from C5-C7 roots from the long thoracic nerve

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14
Q

trunks

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
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15
Q

nerves off the trunks

A

superior truck: suprascapular nerve
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus

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16
Q

divisions

A

3 anterior divisions
3 posteriors divisions

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17
Q

cords

A

once the anterior and posterior divisions have entered the axilla, they form 3 cords
- named by their position relative to the axillary artery
- lateral
- posterior
- medial

18
Q

lateral cord

A

lateral pectoral nerve
- pec major

19
Q

what nerve comes off medial cord

A

medial pectoral nerve
- pec major and minor

20
Q

posterior cord

A

thoracodorsal nerve
- latissimus dorsi

subscapular nerves
- subscapularis
- teres major

21
Q

branches

A
  1. musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord)
  2. axillary nerve (posterior cord)
  3. median nerve (lateral & medial cord)
  4. radial nerve (posterior cord)
  5. ulnar nerve (medial cord)
22
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • muscles of anterior compartment of arm
  • lateral cord
  • C5-C7
23
Q

axillary nerve

A
  • deltoid & teres minor
  • posterior cord
  • C5, C6
24
Q

median nerve

A
  • muscles of anterior forearm
  • muscles of hand
  • lateral & medial nerve
  • C5-T1
25
Q

radial nerve

A
  • posterior cord
  • muscles of posterior arm and forearm
  • C5-T1
26
Q

ulnar nerve

A
  • medial cord
  • FCU, FDP, muscle of the hand
  • C8-T1
27
Q

what nerves would be impacted if the medial cord was damaged

A
  • median n.
  • ulnar n.
28
Q

if the posterior cord of the brachial plexus was damage which of the following nerve (s) would be affect
a) axillary nerve
b) dorsal scapular nerve
c) ulnar nerve
d) radial nerve
e) musculocutaneous nerve

A

a), d)

29
Q

radius- distal end

A

ulnar notch
- articulates with head of ulna
- forms distal radio-ulnar joint
styloid process (thin boney projection)
- stabilize wrist joint
- bigger

30
Q

ulna- distal

A

round NOT flat
- styloid process
- process articulates at distal radio-ulnar joint
- can palpate process posteriorly

31
Q

interosseous membrane

A
  • fibrous sheath
  • separates forearm muscles into anterior and posterior compartments
32
Q

annular ligament

A
  • think band surrounding head of radius
  • maintains contact of radius with radial notch of ulna
  • proximal radioulnar joint
  • flexibility allows for pronation and supination
33
Q

radioulnar ligaments

A
  • stabilizers
  • distal radioulnar joint
34
Q

bones of the wrist

A

proximal row (lateral to medial)
Scaphoid–> Lunate–> Triquetrum–> pisiform

distal row (medial to lateral)
hamate–> capitate–> trapezoid–> trapezium

35
Q

what can you not see from the dorsal view

A
  • pisiform
  • hook of hamate
36
Q

what is on the hamate

A

hook of hamate

37
Q

radiocarpal joint

A
  • radius articulates with scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum
  • direct articulation
  • synovial condylar (ellipsoidal joint)
38
Q

ulnocarpal joint

A
  • ulna connects with lunate and triquetrum
  • no direct articulation
  • common site of wrist injuries
    (ligaments connect them together)
39
Q

phalanges

A
  • proximal interphalangeal joints
  • distal interphalangeal joints
    distal phalanx
    middle phalanx
    proximal phalanx
  • thumb (pollox) only has proximal and distal phalanges
40
Q

metacarpals

A
  • numbered 1-5 lateral to medial
  • carpometacarpal joints
  • metacarpal phalangeal joint
41
Q

what joint does the thumb not have

A

no distal interphalangeal joint

42
Q
A

ANAT 315 (11 decks)

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