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ANAT 315 > vertebral column + thoracic cage muscles > Flashcards

vertebral column + thoracic cage muscles Flashcards

1
Q
A
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1
Q

anatomical position

A

feet flat on floor, palms facing outwards, head looking straight Infront

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2
Q

superficial

A

toward/closer to body surface

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3
Q

deep

A

away from body surface/toward interior of body

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4
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

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5
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

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6
Q

proximal

A

toward an attached base

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7
Q

distal

A

away from an attached base

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8
Q

posterior

A

toward the back, behind

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9
Q

anterior

A

toward the front, in front of

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10
Q

superficial

A

toward/closer to body surface

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11
Q

deep

A

away from body surface/toward interior of body

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12
Q

superior

A

higher

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13
Q

inferior

A

lower

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14
Q

planes of section

A

-coronal/frontal
-sagittal (mid-sagittal)
-transverse/horizontal

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15
Q

coronal/frontal

A

anterior/posterior
-cuts into a front half and back half

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16
Q

sagittal (mid-sagittal)

A

right/left sides

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17
Q

transverse/horizontal plane

A

superior/inferior
-cut into upper and lower halves

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18
Q

what can the skeleton be divided into?

A

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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19
Q

axial skeleton

A

-bones of the skull
-accessory bones
-vertebral column
-thoracic cage (ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae)

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20
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

-upper limbs and pectoral girdle
-lower limbs and pelvic girdle

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21
Q

how many bones are in the vertebral column

A

26
vertebrae
sacrum
coccyx

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22
Q

how many vertebrae

A

24 vertebrae
-7 cervical
-12 thoracic
-5 lumbar

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23
Q

function of vertebral column

A

-column of support
-protection of spinal cord, passage for nerves
-attachment site for muscles

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24
Q

foramen

A

hole

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25
Q

process

A

projection

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26
Q

what does the intervertebral foramen do?

A

allows for passage of nerves

27
Q

facet

A

smooth, flat surface

28
Q

what do intervertebral discs do? and parts of them

A

-they help to support with cushioning and movement
contain:
- nucleus pulposus(middle of it)
-annulus fibrosis(outside ring)

29
Q

about features of cervical vertebrae

A

size-small
spinous process- bifid (split into 2 ends)
vertebral body- oval
-has transverse foramen

30
Q

about features of thoracic vertebrae

A

size-medium
spinous process- downward sloping
vertebral body- heart shaped
-costal facets for ribs

31
Q

about features of lumber vertebrae

A

size- large
spinous process- short, stumpy
vertebral body- kidney shaped
-no articular facets

32
Q

what are the atypical vertebrae

A

C1 atlas and C2 axis
-C1: allows the “no” motion, has dens
-C2: has the projection

33
Q

functions of the thoracic cage

A

-encloses and protects viscera of the thoracic cavity
-acts as an anchor for muscles (for upper limb, scapula)

34
Q

parts of the thoracic cage

A

-sternum
-12 pairs of ribs
-thoracic spine (T1-T12)

35
Q

parts of the sternum

A

-manubrium
(sternal angle)
-body
-xiphoid process
(articulation sites for ribs)
-clavicular notch (clavicle joins the manubrium here)

36
Q

how many ribs are there

A

12 pairs of ribs

  • true ribs (1-7): articulate directly with the sternum via costal cartilage
  • false ribs 8-10: articulate indirectly via fused costal cartilage
  • floating ribs 11 & 12: no anterior articulation
37
Q

how do most ribs articulate with sternum

A

via costal cartilage
-gives elasticity of the thoracic cage

38
Q

tubercle

A

bump/prominence

39
Q

anatomy of a typical rib with a thoracic vertebrae

A

tubercle: articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

head: articulates with body of the thoracic vertebrae (via costal facet)

40
Q

pectoralis major (OIAI)

A

origin- anterior surface of clavicle, anterior surface of sternum, external oblique aponeurosis, ribs costal cartilage

insertion- intertubercle of groove

action- adducts, flexes, medially rotates arm

innervation- medial & lateral pectoral

41
Q

what are the 5 thoracic cage superficial muscles

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • subclavius
  • serratus anterior
  • serratus posterior
42
Q

pectoralis minor

A

origin: ribs 3-5
intersection: coracoid process of scapula
action: pulls scapula down and anteriorly
innervation: medial pectoral n.

43
Q

subclavius

A

origin: 1st rib
insertion: interior surface of clavicle
action: pulls down and stabilizes clavicle
innervation: C5-C6 subclavian

44
Q

serratus anterior

A

origin: surface of ribs 1-8
insertion: medial border of scapula on the costal surface
action: protract scapula, elevate ribs
innervation: long thoracic n.

45
Q

serratus posterior-superior

A

Origin: C7-T3 spinous processes
Insertion: superior borders of ribs 2-4
Action: elevates upper ribs
Innervation: T1-T4 ventral rami

46
Q

serratus posterior- inferior

A

Origin: T11-L2 spinous processes
Insertion: inferior border of ribs 9-12
Action: depresses lower ribs
Innervation: T9-T12 anterior rami

47
Q

which of the following muscles does NOT originate on the ribs?
A) pectoralis minor
B)subclavius
C)serratus anterior
D)serratus posterior superior

A

D)

48
Q

what are the thoracic cage deep muscles

A

-external intercostals
-internal intercostals
-innermost intercostals
-transversus thoracis
-subcostales

49
Q

external intercostals

A

Origin: inferior border of ribs
Insertion: superior border of the rib below
Action: elevate ribs (inspiration)
Innervation: intercostals nerves

50
Q

internal intercostals

A

Origin: inferior borders of ribs
Insertion: superior border of the rib below
Action: lower ribs (expiration)
Innervation: intercostal nerves

51
Q

how can you tell the difference between external and internal intercostals

A

function: External help with inspiration, internal help with expiration

muscles fibers: external run medially, internal run laterally

52
Q

innermost intercostals

A

Origin: inferior border of ribs
Insertion: superior border of rib below
Action: lower ribs (expiration)
Innervation: intercostal nerves

53
Q

transvers thoracis

A

Origin: pleural surface of ribs 2-6 (anteriorly)
Insertion: posterior surface of sternum, xiphoid process
Action: lowers ribs (expiration)
Innervation: intercostal nerves

54
Q

subcostales

A

Origin: pleural surface of lower ribs (posteriorly)
Insertion: superior border of ribs below; lower ribs
Action: contracts, pulls ribs down (expiration)
Innervation: intercostals nerves

55
Q

diaphragm

A

Origin: xiphoid process of sternum, L1-L4 vertebra, costal arch of ribs 7-12
Insertion: central tendon of diaphragm
Action: contracts and compresses abdomen (inspiration); relaxes (expiration) make room for more air
Innervation: phrenic n.
C3, 4, 5, keeps the diaphragm alive

56
Q

what are the muscles in expiration

A
  • internal intercostals
  • innermost intercostals
  • transversus thoracis
  • subcostales
  • diaphragm
57
Q

primary muscles of inspiration

A

-external intercostals
-diaphragm

58
Q

accessory muscles of inspiration

A

-scalenes
-sternocleidomastoid

59
Q

primary muscles of expiration

A

-diaphragm
-internal intercostals

60
Q

accessory muscles of expiration

A

-innermost intercostals
-anterior abdominal wall muscles

61
Q

blood supply- anterior (right side)

A

right side:
1. arch of aorta
2.branchiocephalic artery
3. R. subclavian artery
4. R. internal thoracic artery
5. anterior intercostal arteries

62
Q

blood supply- anterior (left side)

A

left:
1. arch of aorta
2. L. subclavian artery
3. L. internal thoracic artery
4. anterior intercostal arteries

63
Q

what does the right side of blood supply (anterior) have not NOT the left

A

brachiocephalic artery

64
Q

blood supply - posterior

A
  1. arch of aorta
  2. descending thoracic aorta
  3. posterior intercostal arteries
65
Q

venous drainage

A
  1. hemiazygos vein
  2. accessory hemiazygos vein
  3. azygos vein
  4. superior vena cava
66
Q
A

ANAT 315 (11 decks)

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