Blood supply of the brain

Question 1

Where do the carotid arteries come from?

Answer 1

Aorta

Question 2

How do brachiocephalic veins form?

Answer 2

Internal jugular vein joins with subclavian veins

Question 3

How is vena cava formed?

Answer 3

L and R brachiocephalic veins form

Question 4

What does motor homunculus do?

Answer 4

Represents body parts and correspondents along precentral gyrus of frontal lobe

Question 5

What does sensory homunculus do?

Answer 5

Represents body parts along post central gyrus of parietal lobe

Question 6

What is the internal capsule?

Answer 6

White matter structure inside inferomedial part of each cerebral hemisphere

Question 7

Function of internal capsule

Answer 7

Carries information past basal ganglia, separating caudate nucleus and thalamus from putamen and globes pallidus

Question 8

Which two are the main blood vessels to the brain?

Answer 8

Vertebral and internal carotid arteries from circle of Willis

Question 9

Where does the internal carotid artery run?

Answer 9

From common carotid artery, enters the cranial cavity through the internal carotid foramen and cranial cavity with bends called carotid syphon

Question 10

Where does vertebral artery come from?

Answer 10

Subclavian artery
Foramen transversia from level of 6th vertebrae
Enters cranial cavity through foramen magnum
Unites at medulla and pons to form basilar artery

Question 11

What does basilar artery do?

Answer 11

Gives rise to superior cerebellar arteries and posterior cerebellar arteries

Question 12

What do the internal carotid arteries do?

Answer 12

Gie rise to posterior communicating arteries which join the respective posterior cerebral arteries

Question 13

What do middle cerebral arteries do?

Answer 13

Enter lateral fissure on each side

Question 14

What do anterior cerebral arteries do?

Answer 14

Enter great longitudinal fissure

Question 15

What does the anterior communicating artery do?

Answer 15

Joins two anterior cerebral arteries

Question 16

Which part of the brain is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 16

Medial surface of front parietal lobe

Question 17

Which part of the brain is supplied by the middle cerebral artery?

Answer 17

Lateral surface if frontal parietal temporal lobe of brain

Question 18

Which part of brain is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 18

Temporal and occipital lobes

Question 19

Which part of the brain is supplied by the middle artery?

Answer 19

Cerebral hemisphere

Question 20

Which blood vessels supply the medulla and spinal cord?

Answer 20

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Question 21

Which blood vessels supply the inferior cerebellum?

Answer 21

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 22

Which blood vessels supply the outer dura mater?

Answer 22

Meningeal vessels

Question 23

Which blood vessel supplies the period?

Answer 23

Middle meningeal artery

Question 24

Which condition gives the brain a characteristics biconcave shape on a CT scan?

Answer 24

Extradural haematoma in middle meningeal artery

Question 25

Which arteries have meningeal branches?

Answer 25

``` Maxillary Phalangeal Occipital Vertebral Ethmoidal ```

Question 26

Which bones meet at the period?

Answer 26

Frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal

Question 27

Why is fracture of the pterion dangerous?

Answer 27

The bone is thin and could rupture the middle meningeal artery

Question 28

How is the Great Cerebral Vein of Galen formed?

Answer 28

Deep veins drain internal forebrain (thamamostriate and choroidal veins unite to form internal cerebral veins (L and R) which unite to form Great Cerebral Vein of Galen

Question 29

Venous drainage of the brain

Answer 29

Can drain into dural venous sinuses or into superficial veins

Question 30

What are the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 30

Formed between two layers of dura mater

Question 31

What are the major sinuses located on the floor of the cranial cavity?

Answer 31

``` Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Confluence of sinuses Transverse sinus Sigmoid sinus ```

Question 32

Where is the cavernous sinus?

Answer 32

Lateral to the sphenoid bone

Question 33

How is the venous circle around the hypophysis formed?

Answer 33

Cavernous sinuses connected by anterior and posterior inter cavernous sinuses

Question 34

Contents of venous circle

Answer 34

``` Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Ophthalmic nerve Maxillary nerve Abducens nerve Internal carotid artery ```

Question 35

Blood supply of the spinal cord

Answer 35

Single anterior spinal artery from two vertebral arteries, reinforced by segmental arteries Paired posterior spinal arteries from either vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 36

Function of blood-brain barrier

Answer 36

- Restricts paracellular permeability/diffusion of water soluble substances from blood to brain - Maintains CNS homeostasis and limits entry of substances that could alter or harm neuronal functions - Collectively known as neurovascular unit

Question 37

What is the blood-brain barrier composed of?

Answer 37

- Capillary endothelium with tight junction - Capillary endothelium basement membrane - Astrocytes processes - Pericytes - Neurons - Extracellular matrix

Question 38

Where is the blood supply to the spinal cord most vulnerable and why?

Answer 38

Thoracic region and anterior portion | Poor segmental artery reinforcement

Question 39

Symptoms of thoracic cord syndrome and when does it form?

Answer 39

Paraplegia and incontinence, pain and temperature modalities losy Occlusion of anterior spinal artery

Question 40

Impacts of stroke in cerebral vessels

Answer 40

Infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and death

Question 41

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 41

Abnormal, balloon-like swelling of artery, rupture leads to subarachnoid/inter-cerebral hemorrhage

Question 42

What is an angioma/arteriovenous malformation?

Answer 42

Congenital collection of swollen blood vessels, can rupture and lead to focal cerebral syndrome