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Flashcards in Blood supply of the brain Deck (42)
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1
Q

Where do the carotid arteries come from?

A

Aorta

2
Q

How do brachiocephalic veins form?

A

Internal jugular vein joins with subclavian veins

3
Q

How is vena cava formed?

A

L and R brachiocephalic veins form

4
Q

What does motor homunculus do?

A

Represents body parts and correspondents along precentral gyrus of frontal lobe

5
Q

What does sensory homunculus do?

A

Represents body parts along post central gyrus of parietal lobe

6
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

White matter structure inside inferomedial part of each cerebral hemisphere

7
Q

Function of internal capsule

A

Carries information past basal ganglia, separating caudate nucleus and thalamus from putamen and globes pallidus

8
Q

Which two are the main blood vessels to the brain?

A

Vertebral and internal carotid arteries from circle of Willis

9
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery run?

A

From common carotid artery, enters the cranial cavity through the internal carotid foramen and cranial cavity with bends called carotid syphon

10
Q

Where does vertebral artery come from?

A

Subclavian artery
Foramen transversia from level of 6th vertebrae
Enters cranial cavity through foramen magnum
Unites at medulla and pons to form basilar artery

11
Q

What does basilar artery do?

A

Gives rise to superior cerebellar arteries and posterior cerebellar arteries

12
Q

What do the internal carotid arteries do?

A

Gie rise to posterior communicating arteries which join the respective posterior cerebral arteries

13
Q

What do middle cerebral arteries do?

A

Enter lateral fissure on each side

14
Q

What do anterior cerebral arteries do?

A

Enter great longitudinal fissure

15
Q

What does the anterior communicating artery do?

A

Joins two anterior cerebral arteries

16
Q

Which part of the brain is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?

A

Medial surface of front parietal lobe

17
Q

Which part of the brain is supplied by the middle cerebral artery?

A

Lateral surface if frontal parietal temporal lobe of brain

18
Q

Which part of brain is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

A

Temporal and occipital lobes

19
Q

Which part of the brain is supplied by the middle artery?

A

Cerebral hemisphere

20
Q

Which blood vessels supply the medulla and spinal cord?

A

Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

21
Q

Which blood vessels supply the inferior cerebellum?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

22
Q

Which blood vessels supply the outer dura mater?

A

Meningeal vessels

23
Q

Which blood vessel supplies the period?

A

Middle meningeal artery

24
Q

Which condition gives the brain a characteristics biconcave shape on a CT scan?

A

Extradural haematoma in middle meningeal artery

25
Q

Which arteries have meningeal branches?

A
Maxillary
Phalangeal
Occipital
Vertebral
Ethmoidal
26
Q

Which bones meet at the period?

A

Frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal

27
Q

Why is fracture of the pterion dangerous?

A

The bone is thin and could rupture the middle meningeal artery

28
Q

How is the Great Cerebral Vein of Galen formed?

A

Deep veins drain internal forebrain (thamamostriate and choroidal veins unite to form internal cerebral veins (L and R) which unite to form Great Cerebral Vein of Galen

29
Q

Venous drainage of the brain

A

Can drain into dural venous sinuses or into superficial veins

30
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses?

A

Formed between two layers of dura mater

31
Q

What are the major sinuses located on the floor of the cranial cavity?

A
Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus
Confluence of sinuses
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
32
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus?

A

Lateral to the sphenoid bone

33
Q

How is the venous circle around the hypophysis formed?

A

Cavernous sinuses connected by anterior and posterior inter cavernous sinuses

34
Q

Contents of venous circle

A
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Abducens nerve
Internal carotid artery
35
Q

Blood supply of the spinal cord

A

Single anterior spinal artery from two vertebral arteries, reinforced by segmental arteries
Paired posterior spinal arteries from either vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

36
Q

Function of blood-brain barrier

A
  • Restricts paracellular permeability/diffusion of water soluble substances from blood to brain
  • Maintains CNS homeostasis and limits entry of substances that could alter or harm neuronal functions
  • Collectively known as neurovascular unit
37
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier composed of?

A
  • Capillary endothelium with tight junction
  • Capillary endothelium basement membrane
  • Astrocytes processes
  • Pericytes
  • Neurons
  • Extracellular matrix
38
Q

Where is the blood supply to the spinal cord most vulnerable and why?

A

Thoracic region and anterior portion

Poor segmental artery reinforcement

39
Q

Symptoms of thoracic cord syndrome and when does it form?

A

Paraplegia and incontinence, pain and temperature modalities losy
Occlusion of anterior spinal artery

40
Q

Impacts of stroke in cerebral vessels

A

Infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and death

41
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Abnormal, balloon-like swelling of artery, rupture leads to subarachnoid/inter-cerebral hemorrhage

42
Q

What is an angioma/arteriovenous malformation?

A

Congenital collection of swollen blood vessels, can rupture and lead to focal cerebral syndrome