Structure and function of the CNS 1

Question 1

2 sub divisions of the nervous system

Answer 1

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 2

2 sub divisions of the CNS

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

2 sub divisions of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

Autonomic nervous system and peripheral nerves

Question 4

Where is the mesencephalic flexure?

Answer 4

Mid brain

Question 5

Where is the cervical flexure?

Answer 5

Junction between myelencephalon and spinal cord

Question 6

Where is the pontine flexure?

Answer 6

Region of pons

Question 7

Which is the largest part of the brain?

Answer 7

Cerebral hemisphere

Question 8

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 8

Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

Question 9

What is grey matter in the brain?

Answer 9

Nerve cell bodies, outer layer of cerebral cortex

Question 10

What is white matter in the brain?

Answer 10

Nerves located in inner layer

Question 11

What are nuclei in brain?

Answer 11

Aggregates of nerve cell bodies contained within inner layer of cerebral cortex and brainstem

Question 12

What is a nerve tract?

Answer 12

Collection of nerve fibre bundles serving a particular function, run within white matter

Question 13

What is cerebral cortex?

Answer 13

Grey matter forming outer layer

Question 14

What are gyre?

Answer 14

Convoluted ridges

Question 15

What are sulci?

Answer 15

Furrows

Question 16

Function of central sulcus

Answer 16

Divides motor area (front) and sensory (behind)

Question 17

Function of calcarine sulcus

Answer 17

Separates two zones for visual information

Question 18

Function of great longitudinal fissure

Answer 18

Incompletely separates left and right hemisphere

Question 19

Function of cingulate salcus?

Answer 19

Splits parietal lobe from cingulate gyrus

Question 20

Function of corpus callosum

Answer 20

White matter that holds two hemispheres together, found at depth of great longitudinal fissure

Question 21

What is the deep layer of the brain?

Answer 21

White matter formed by axons from cells of cerebral cortex

Question 22

What is the internal capsule?

Answer 22

The vast majority of the axons that pass between the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures form a condensed broad sheet of white matter called the internal capsule

Question 23

Function of great longitudinal fissure

Answer 23

Incompletely separates two cerebral hemispheres

Question 24

What are corona radiate?

Answer 24

Radiating fibres between internal capsule and cerebral cortex

Question 25

What does cerebral cortex do?

Answer 25

Conscious awareness, thought, memory, intellect | High level for representation of motor system

Question 26

Function of parietal lobe

Answer 26

Somatosensory (sensation)

Question 27

Function of occipital lobe

Answer 27

Vision

Question 28

Function of temporal lobe

Answer 28

Hearing

Question 29

Function of frontal lobe

Answer 29

Organisation of movements - primary motor, pre-motor and supplementary motor areas

Question 30

Symptoms of frontal lobe syndrome

Answer 30

- Difficulty initiating behaviour - Inability to stop a behavioral pattern - Difficulties in planning and problem solving - Incapable of creative thinking

Question 31

Symptoms of apraxia

Answer 31

Difficulty with planning and performing motor activities

Question 32

Symptoms of agnosia

Answer 32

- Also known as motor or non-fluent (expressive) aphasia

Question 33

Symptoms of aphasia

Answer 33

Difficulty with production and comprehension of language or speech, read and write

Question 34

Symptoms of amnesia

Answer 34

Also known as motor or non-fluent (expressive) aphasia

Question 35

What is Broca's aphasia?

Answer 35

Can't speak or write - not due to muscle impairment Know what they want but can't express Stroke patients

Question 36

Which part of the brain does Broca's aphasia affect?

Answer 36

Frontal lobe

Question 37

What is Wernicke's aphasia?

Answer 37

Speech is fluent but loss of language comprehension - can't produce meaningful speech

Question 38

Which part of the brain does Wernicke's aphasia affect?

Answer 38

Left posterior superior temporal lobe

Question 39

What is hemispheric specialisation?

Answer 39

Majority of people have left hemisphere dominance for language, areas of association cortex in frontal, parietal and temporal lobes of left hemisphere are responsible for comprehension and expression of language

Question 40

What is the cortical homunculus?

Answer 40

Distorted representation of parts of the human body in the brain based on neurological map of the areas and proportions of the brain dedicated to processing of motor or sensory functions

Question 41

What is limbic lobe?

Answer 41

Lies on medial side of each hemisphere, consists of parts of frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

Question 42

What are the 3 major components of the limbic lobe?

Answer 42

Cingulate gyrus, mammillary body, hippocampus, amygdala

Question 43

Main function of limbic lobe

Answer 43

Instinctive and emotional aspect of behavior including motivation and memory (episodic, semantic and implicit)

Question 44

What are basal ganglia?

Answer 44

Collection of nuclear masses that lie within the cerebral hemispheres

Question 45

Prominent parts of basal ganglia

Answer 45

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

Question 46

Function of basal ganglia

Answer 46

Controlling movement and physical expression of behavior driven by affective and motivational state

Question 47

What is the diencephalon?

Answer 47

Basal ganglia and thalamus

Question 48

Where do the nuclei in the thalamus form connections with?

Answer 48

Cerebral cortex

Question 49

Which ventricular wall does the thalamus contribute to?

Answer 49

Lateral wall of third ventricle

Question 50

Where is thalamus?

Answer 50

Between brainstem and cerebral hemispheres

Question 51

Symptoms of thalamic lesions

Answer 51

Loss of sensation in contra-lateral face and limbs and thalamic pain (Dejerine-Roussy syndrome)

Question 52

Function of hypothalamus

Answer 52

Homeostatic mechanisms | Autonomic, neuroendocrine and limbric functions

Question 53

Which nervous system does the hypothalamus regulate?

Answer 53

Autonomic Posterior = sympathetic Anterior = parasympathetic

Question 54

What is a ventricle in the brain?

Answer 54

Communicating network of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 55

What does brainstem contain?

Answer 55

Nerve tracts of CNS | Nuclei

Question 56

What is decussation and where does it occur?

Answer 56

Nerve tracts crossover to opposite side | Brainstem

Question 57

3 centres found in medulla oblongata

Answer 57

Respiratory, cardiac and vasomotor

Question 58

What attaches brainstem to cerebellum?

Answer 58

cerebellar peduncles

Question 59

What are the dorsal columns?

Answer 59

Faciculus gracilis and nucleus gracilis & faciculus cuneatus and nucleus cuteatus

Question 60

What does the superior colliculus do?

Answer 60

Visual system

Question 61

What does the inferior colliculus do?

Answer 61

Auditory system

Question 62

Which ventricle does the brain stem bulb contribute to?

Answer 62

Floor of fourth

Question 63

What does the brain stem bulb act as the pyramid for?

Answer 63

Pyramidal tract or corticospinal tract

Question 64

What is the thalamus a gateway to?

Answer 64

Cerebral cortex