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DMD 5247 > Blood Vessel Anatomy > Flashcards

Blood Vessel Anatomy Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

arteries

A

transport blood away from the heart
carry oxygen rich blood in the systemic circuit
oxygen poor blood in the pulmonary circuit and umbilical arteries

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2
Q

anastomosis

A

two or more arteries converge to supply the same body region

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3
Q

capillaries

A

location of gas and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues

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4
Q

veins

A

transport blood towards the heart
carry oxygen poor blood in the systemic circuit
carry oxygen rich blood in the pulmonary circuit and the umbilical vein

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5
Q

tunica intima

A

simple squamous epithelium

endothelium

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6
Q

tunica media

A

circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers

location of vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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7
Q

tunica externa

A

collagen and elastic fibers

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8
Q

which layer is thickest in the arteries

A

tunica media

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9
Q

what is the only layer present in capillaries and what is one unique feature

A

tunica intima

-allow rapid gas exchange

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10
Q

which layer is thickest in the veins

A

tunica externa

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11
Q

do the veins have a smaller tunica media than arteries

A

yes

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12
Q

what structure is unique to veins

A

valves

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13
Q

elastic arteries

A

largest arteries
conducting arteries
high elastin content
aorta and its major branches

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14
Q

conducting arteries

A

between heart and muscular arteries

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15
Q

high elastin content

A

stretch and recoil to dampen blood pressure changes resulting from contractions of heart

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16
Q

aorta and its major branches

A

brachiocephalic
common carotid
subclavian
common iliac arteries

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17
Q

muscular arteries

A

distributing arteries
thick tunica media
diameter of lumen changes to regulate amount of blood flow to organs

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18
Q

distributing arteries

A

distribute blood to the body organs

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19
Q

muscular arteries commonly seen in lab

A

brachial
coronary
inferior mesenteric arteries

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20
Q

arterioles

A

primary resistance vessels
diameter is regulated by
-local tissue factors
-sympathetic nervous system

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21
Q

capillaries

A

smallest vessels
endothelium only
gas, nutrient, and waste exchange

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22
Q

venules

A
  • smallest veins

- primary location of diapedesis

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23
Q

continuous capillary

A
  • most common type

- muscle, skin, thymus, lungs, and the CNS

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24
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

small intestine, most endocrine glands, kidneys

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25
sinusoid capillary
bone marrow, spleen, liver
26
veins
- return blood to the heart - act as a blood reservoir - walls of veins are thinner than those of comparable arteries - low blood pressure in veins - most veins contain valves - skeletal muscle contractions help pump blood toward the heart
27
what do valves do
prevent backflow of blood
28
varicose veins
dysfunctional valves leads to blood pooling in the superficial limb veins
29
what are some causes of the dysfunctional valves present in the varicose vein condition
- genetic predisposition - aging - strain that inhibits venous return
30
hemorrhoids
varicose veins of the anorectal region caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure
31
fetal circulation
umbilical cord ductus venosus foramen ovale ductus arteriosus
32
umbilical cord contains:
2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein
33
ductus venosus
-takes blood from umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava | keeps it away from the liver
34
foramen ovale
diverts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium | bypassing the immature lungs
35
ductus arteriosus
diverts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch | bypassing the immature lungs
36
arterial blood pressure
100 mmHg at the entrance to the aorta | 35 mm Hg at the start of a capillary network
37
capillary hydrostatic pressure
pressure within capillary walls | 35 mm Hg at the beginning and 18 mm hG at the end
38
venous pressure
pressure within the venous system | 18 mm Hg to 2 mm Hg
39
Total peripheral resistence
- vascular resistance - blood viscosity - turbulence
40
vascular resistance
-friction between blood and vessel walls
41
2 major components of vascular resistance
- vessel length | - vessel diameter
42
blood closest to the center or the vessel or the vessel wall encounters the most friction?
near the wall
43
what increases blood viscosity and what decreases blood viscosity
polycythemia increases blood viscosity and anemia decreases blood viscosity
44
turbulence is caused by
high flow rates irregular surfaces sudden changes in vessel diameter
45
turbulence creates
eddies and swirls
46
turbulence most commonly occurs
between atria and ventricles between ventricles and aortic/pulmonary trunks atherosclerotic plaque
47
pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
48
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
diastolic pressure + (1/3)pulse pressure
49
cases of abnormal blood pressure
hypertension hypotension orthostatic hypotension
50
hypertension
diet modification and blood pressure medication | greater than 140/90
51
hypotension
below 90/60 | can cause adverse effects at just 20 mm Hg below normal
52
orthostatic hypotension
caused by sudden change in body position
53
elastic rebound
arteries recoil, pushing blood towards capillaries
54
what happens to MAP and pulse pressure as the distance from the heart increases
MAP and pulse pressure decrease
55
venous return
-amount of blood arriving at the right atrium each minute BP at the right atrium is 2 mm Hg BP at the venules is 18 mm Hg
56
aortic branches
- brachiocephalic trunk - right common carotid artery - right subclavian artery - left common carotid artery - left subclavian artery
57
right common carotid artery
right external carotid artery | right internal carotid artery
58
right subclavian artery
right vertebral artery right internal thoracic artery right axillary artery
59
left common carotid artery
left external carotid artery | left internal carotid artery
60
left subclavian artery
left vertebral artery left internal thoracic artery left axillary artery
61
is the brachiocephalic trunk on the left or the right
right
62
artery branches to the arm
- subclavian - axillary - brachial - radial - ulnar
63
paired arteries
- intercostal - renal - suprarenal - gonadal - lumbar - common iliac - internal iliac - external iliac - femoral
64
unpaired arteries
- celiac trunk - splenic arteries - left gastric arteries - common hepatic arteries - superior mesenteric arteries - inferior mesenteric arteries - median sacral artery
65
artery branches to the leg
- femoral - deep femoral - popliteal - anterior tibial - posterior tibial - fibular
66
veins draining into the superior vena cava
- subclavian - external jugular - internal jugular - brachiocephalic - superior vena cava - internal thoracic - intercostal - azygous
67
vein branches from the arm
- ulnar - radial - brachial - axillary - subclavian - basilic - cephalic - median cubital
68
veins draining into the inferior vena cava
``` great saphenous femoral external iliac internal iliac common iliac inferior vena cava lumbar gonadal renal suprarenal hepatic ```
69
vein branches from the leg
``` fibular posterior tibial anterior tibial popliteal deep femoral femoral great saphenous ```
70
hepatic portal system
``` hepatic portal vein superior mesenteric vein -inferior mesenteric vein -splenic vein -right gastroepiploic vein -gastric vein ```
71
artery branches to the head
- superficial temporal artery - posterior auricular artery - occipital artery - maxillary artery - facial artery - ascending pharyngeal artery - lingual artery - internal carotid artery - external carotid artery - carotid sinus - common carotid artery - vertebral artery - thyrocervical trunk - subclavian artery
72
vein branches to the head
``` superficial temporal vein posterior auricular vein maxillary vein pharyngeal vein facial vein lingual vein superior thyroid vein internal thoracic vein vertebral vein external jugular vein internal jugular vein subclavian vein right brachiocephalic vein ```

DMD 5247 (13 decks)

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