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Anatomy > Blood vessels > Flashcards

Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Types of blood vessels?

A

Artery, vein, capillary

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2
Q

Important arteries in the body

A

Ascending aorta
Descending aorta
Arch of aorta
Brachiocephalic trunk artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Subclavian a.
Common carotid a.
Renal a.
Common iliac a.
Femoral artery

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3
Q

Important veins in the body

A

Brachiocephalic vein
Brachial v
External jugular vein
Subclavian v.
Common iliac v.
Femoral v.
Great saphenous v.
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava

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4
Q

Vessels of the pulmonary circulation

A

Pulmonary Trunk
Left pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary artery
Right superior pulmonary vein
Left superior pulmonary vein
Right inferior pulmonary vein
Left inferior pulmonary vein

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5
Q

Pulmonary artery carries?
Direction of blood from _ to _

A

Pulmonary arteries carries deoxygenated blood.
Flows from the heart to the lungs

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6
Q

Arteries in the head and neck region

A

Superfiscial temporal a.
Facial a.
Internal Carotid a.
External Carotid a.
Common Carotid a.
Brachiocephalic trunk

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7
Q

Veins in the head and neck region

A

External jugular vein
Internal jugular vein
Right brachiocephalic
Left brachiocephalic
Superior vena cava

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8
Q

Where is the Radial Artery?

A

Near the radius of your arm, next to Flexor carpi radialis tendon

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9
Q

Where is the Brachial artery

A

beneath Biceps brachii tendon

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10
Q

Where is the Femoral artery?

A

Found near the femur bone

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11
Q

What is the artery near the tibia bone?

A

Anterior tibial a.

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12
Q

What is the artery near the metatarsal bones?

A

Dorsalis pedis a.

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13
Q

Important subcutaneous veins in the upper and lower limbs?

A

Upper limbs:
Cephalic v.
Basilic v.
Median cubital v.

Lower limbs:
Small saphenous v.
Great saphenous v.

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14
Q

3 main types of arteries

A

Elastic aa
Muscular aa.
Arterioles

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15
Q

Features of elastic aa.

A

Conduct blood to other arteries
Keep blood flow continuous during heart diastole
Rich elastic, collagenous fibres and smooth muscle in tunica media

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16
Q

Examples of elastic aa.

A

Aorta and its branches

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17
Q

Features of muscular aa.

A

Mainly smooth fibres in tunica media
Allow selective blood flow based on functional needs

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18
Q

Size of muscular aa.

A

Medium sized

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19
Q

Diameter of arterioles?

A

<0.3 mm

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20
Q

Example of arterioles

A

Resistance aa.

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21
Q

Features of arterioles

A

1 to several smooth muscle fiber layers in tunica media
Regulates blood distribution to capillaries
Major determinants of blood pressure

22
Q

3 main types of veins

A

Large vein
Medium vein
Venule

23
Q

Location of deep veins?

A

Deep veins accompany major aa.

24
Q

Location of superficial veins?

A

Found in subcutaneous layer
Not accompanied by aa.

25
Q

Difference between deep vein and superficial veins?

A

Deep veins are accompanied by major aa. while superficial veins are not.

26
Q

Characteristic of small and medium veins

A

Presence of valves to prevent blood backflow

27
Q

Cause of Varicose veins?

A

Due to the back flow of blood

28
Q

Function of veins

A

Drain blood back to the heart

29
Q

How do vv. drain blood back to the heart?

A

Negative pressure in the thoracic cavity
Compression by smooth or skeleton muscle contraction
Pulsation of accompanying aa for deep veins

30
Q

where is 70% of blood found?

A

In veins

31
Q

How can blood volume be compensated?

A

Changing luminal diameter of the vv.

32
Q

Layers in the wall of aa. and vv.

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventita

33
Q

Tissues that make up the tunica intima

A

Endothelium
Connective tissue
Basement membrane

34
Q

Tissues that make up the tunica media

A

Smooth muscles
Elastic or collagenous fibers (especially in elastic arteries)

35
Q

Tissue that make up the tunica adventita

A

Connective tissue

36
Q

Outer layer of the aa. and vv. wall

A

Tunica adventita (Connective tissue)

37
Q

Middle layer of the aa. and vv. wall

A

Tunica media (Smooth muscle)

38
Q

Inner layer of the aa. and vv, wall

A

Tunica intima (Endothelium)

39
Q

Walls of the capillaries made of

A

Endothelium, basement membrane
1 cell layer thick

40
Q

Comparing between vv and aa

A

Thickness: The walls of aa are thicker than vv. (Tunica intima, media and adventita are thinner in veins)

Presence of valves: vv. have, aa. not present

Blood direction flow: differs in aa and vv

Blood flow velocity is slower in veins than in arteries

Lumen in vv. are larger than arteries

Lumen of vv. are irregular whereas lumen of aa. are regular

41
Q

Types of capillary

A

Continuous, Fenestrated, Discontinuous

42
Q

Features of capillaries

A

An endothelium layer and a basement membrane
Extremely thin-walled tube

43
Q

Function of capillaries

A

Location where exchange of gases, fluids, nutrients and metabolic wastes occur

44
Q

Continuous capillary found in

A

Brain, muscle, skin, cortex of thymus, lungs

45
Q

Type of epithelium of continuous capillary

A

Simple squamous epithelium

46
Q

Features of continuous capillary

A

Complete basal lamina
Continuous cytoplasm
Exchange via pinocytosis for fluids and solutes and diffusion for gases
Presence of pericytes: modified smooth muscles

47
Q

Implications of continuous capillary

A

Drugs are not able to effectively reach neural tissue of the brain

48
Q

Features of fenestrated capillary

A

Complete basal lamina
Discontinuous cytoplasm
Presence of many fenestrae in endothelium

49
Q

Location of fenestrated capillary

A

With diaphragm: Intestines, endocrine glands and kidney tubules
Without diaphragm: found in renal glomerulus

50
Q

Discontinuous capillary located in the

A

Liver, spleen and bone marrow sinuses

51
Q

Features of discontinuous capillary

A

Discontinuous cytoplasm- Presence of holes
Incomplete basal lamina

Anatomy (4 decks)

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