Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

Arteries (Deliver)

Answer 1

carry blood away from the heart (toward Capillaries)

Question 2

Capillaries (Exchange) (What are they and what happens in the capillaries)

Answer 2

• Network to carry blood from arterioles to venules
• all chemical and gaseous exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid takes place
  across capillary walls

Question 3

Veins (Return)

Answer 3

carry blood toward heart

Question 4

Arterial Structure (Outer Layer) and what is it made of

Answer 4

Tunica Externa (thin)
- Elastic connective Tissue (Reinforces Artery)

Question 5

Arterial Structure (Middle Layer) and what is it made of

Answer 5

Tunica Media (Thick)
* Smooth Muscle tissue (thick in arteries)
* Important in blood pressure regulation

Question 6

Arterial Structure (Inner Layer) what is it made out of

Answer 6

Tunica Intima (inner layer) = NO VALVES
* Epithelial cells (Endothelium)

Question 7

Venous Structure (Outer Layer) and what is it made of

Answer 7

Tunica Externa (Thick)
* Fibrous connective tissue
* Thicker than in arteries

Question 8

Venous Structure (Middle Layer) and what is it made of

Answer 8

Tunica Media (Thin)
- Smooth Muscle Tissue

Question 9

Venous Structure (Inner Layer) and What is it made of

Answer 9

Tunica Intima
- Valves (keep blood from flowing retroactively)
- Epithelial Cells

Question 10

Capillaries (What are they made of and what happens in them)

Answer 10

• Tunica Intima Only (SIngle Layer Epithelial Cells)
• Easy passage for O2, CO2 and wastes to pass through quickly

Question 11

Precapillary Sphincters (What are they and what do they do)

Answer 11

• Smooth muscle wrapped around entrances to capillaries
• Guard entrances to capillaries and determine how much blood will flow into each capillary

Question 12

Capillaries

Answer 12

• Composed ONLY of endothelial cells
• Almost all cells of the body are no more than
  100 mm (micrometres) from a capillary
• Blood pressure is far lower in capillaries than in
  arteries
• Capillary beds can be opened or closed with
  precapillary sphincters, based on the
  physiological needs of the tissues

Question 13

How do Veins pump

Answer 13

The muscles around the veins contract forcing the blood forward and the valves open.
When the muscles relax the valves close.

Question 14

Where is blood pressure highest?

Answer 14

Aorta

Question 15

Blood Pressure drops

Answer 15

The further it is from the left ventricle

Question 16

Blood Pressure in the right Atrium

Answer 16

Is close to 0

Question 17

Blood Pressure: Arterial pressure

Answer 17

100 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg

Question 18

Venous Pressure

Answer 18

• 18 to ~2mm Hg
• Structure of vein offer little resistance
• Veins become larger = Increase in velocity

Question 19

Hormones that Increase Blood Pressure

Answer 19

Angiotensin II, aldosterone, epinephrine,
norepinephrine & antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 20

Hormones that decrease blood pressure

Answer 20

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Question 21

Systemic Circulation (How does the blood flow)

Answer 21

1. Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle  aorta
   to all parts of the body
2. Returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 22

All veins of the systemic circulation flow into:

Answer 22

1. Superior Vena Cava
2. Inferior Vena Cava
3. Coronary sinus

Question 23

Circle of Willis

Answer 23

• Anastomoses
• Surround the pituitary gland

Question 24

Vessels in Circle of Willis (Important!)

Answer 24

• 2x posterior cerebral (from Basilar)
• 2x posterior communicating
• 2x anterior cerebral
• 1 x anterior communicating artery

Question 25

Branches of the Celiac Trunk

Answer 25

1. Common Hepatic 2. Left Gastric 3. Splenic

Question 26

Systemic Veins (Purpose)

Answer 26

* Return blood to the heart, “opposite” to the arteries

Question 27

Cerebral Sinuses drain into the

Answer 27

Sigmoid Sinus

Question 28

The Sigmoid Sinus drains into the

Answer 28

Internal Jugular Vein

Question 29

Pulmonary Veins contain

Answer 29

Oxygenated blood (carries the blood towards the heart)

Question 30

Pulmonary Artery Contain

Answer 30

Deoxygenated blood (carries the blood away from the heart)

Question 31

Hepatic Portal Circulation (Functions)

Answer 31

* Reabsorbing blood glucose & storing as Glycogen * Detoxifying the blood

Question 32

Fetal Circulation (Ductus Arteriosus) what does it do?

Answer 32

connects aorta & pulmonary artery

Question 33

Fetal Circulation (Foramen Ovale) what does it do?

Answer 33

shunts blood from right atrium to left atrium

Question 34

Fetal Circulation (Ductus Venosus) what does it do?

Answer 34

bypasses immature liver

Question 35

What is a pulse?

Answer 35

the alternate expansion and elastic recoil of an artery with each heartbeat It may be felt in any artery that lies near the surface or over a hard tissue.

Question 36

What is an average pulse rate?

Answer 36

72 bpm

Question 37

What is a Tachycardic pulse rate?

Answer 37

>100 bpm

Question 38

What is a Brachycardia pulse rate?

Answer 38

<60 bpm

Question 39

Blood Pressure (Definition)

Answer 39

is the pressure exerted by blood on the wall of an artery when the left ventricle undergoes systole and then diastole

Question 40

What is blood pressure measured by?

Answer 40

sphygmomanometer

Question 41

Systolic blood pressure (what is it?)

Answer 41

is the force of blood recorded during ventricular contraction (systole)

Question 42

Diastolic Pressure (What is it?)

Answer 42

is the force of blood recorded during ventricular relaxation