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A&P2 > Blood Vessels Ch20 > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Ch20 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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0
Q

tunica intima

  1. structure
  2. fx
A
  1. simple squamous & areolar CT

2. continuous with endocardium, provides smooth surface for blood flow

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1
Q

vaso vasorum

A

capillaries that serves larger blood vessels

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2
Q

tunica media

  1. structure
  2. fx
A
  1. smooth muscle

2. vasoconstriction/vasodilation

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3
Q

tunica externa

  1. structure
  2. fx
A
  1. areolar CT, elastic & collagen fibers

2. help withstand blood pressure

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4
Q

how does the tunica externa differ in veins and arteries?

A

arteries have more elastic&collagen fibers so they can stay open w/o blood
veins collapse without blood

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5
Q

3 types of arteries

A

elastic
muscular
arterioles

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6
Q

which type of artery regulates blood pressure?

A

elastic

ex: aorta & pulmonary trunk

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7
Q

which type of artery is important in distributing blood flow?

A

muscular

ex: coronary artery

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8
Q

veins

  1. structure
  2. fx
A
  1. large lumen, thin walls, act as blood reservoir

2. bring blood back to heart

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9
Q

fx of venous valves?

A

to prevent backflow

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10
Q

capillaries

  1. structure
  2. fx
A
  1. basement membrane & endothelium (tunica intima)

2. connect arterioles to venules

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11
Q

metarteriole location

A

vessel branched off arteriole to feed capillary bed

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12
Q

thoroughfare channel location

A

collect blood from capillaries, connect to venules

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13
Q

define vasomotion

A

changing rate of precapillary sphincter opening/closing this control blood flow through capillary bed due to local conditions (i.e. O2 & CO2 levels)

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14
Q

3 types of capillaries

A
  1. continuous
  2. fenestrated
  3. sinusoid
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15
Q

continous cap

  1. structure
  2. location
A
  1. intracellular clefts
  2. most capillaries
    esp. muscles, skin, thymus, lungs, and CNS
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16
Q

fenestrated cap

  1. structure
  2. fx
  3. location
A
  1. same as continous cap but w/ fenestrations (pores)
  2. allows larger substances to pass
  3. small intestines, endocrine glands, kidneys
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17
Q

sinusoid cap

  1. structure
  2. fx
  3. location
A
  1. incomplete endothelium & incomplete basement membrane
  2. allows large substances & plasma to pass
  3. bone marrow, liver&spleen, endocrine glands
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18
Q

Flow of blood through capillary bed

A

arteriole -> metarteriole -> precapillary sphincters -> true capillaries -> thoroughfare channel -> venule

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19
Q

arteriovenous anastomosis

A

“shunt” to bipass the cap bed to transport blood directly from artery to vein

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20
Q

portal system

A

vein b/t 2 cap beds—delivers blood to another organ first before going back to the heart

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21
Q

simple pathway

A

artery->capillaries-> veins

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22
Q

filtration

A

move OUT of capillaries

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23
Q

how is bulk flow controlled?

A

a pressure gradient, NOT concentration

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24
anatomoses fx
provide an alternate route for blood in case the primary route is occluded. like a back-up/detour
25
atriovenous anastomosis
direct flow from arteriole to venule | i.e. 'shunt'
26
portal system
blood flows through two capillary networks before returning to the heart
27
3 ways substances cross cap walls
1. diffusion 2. vesicular transport 3. bulk flow
28
2 methods of bulk flow
1. filtration or 2. reabsorption
29
what controls filtration/reabsorption?
pressure gradient NOT concentration gradient
30
define blood hydrostatic pressure
facilitates the outward movement of water from the capillary to the interstitial space
31
define blood colloidal osmotic pressure
Caused by water molecules moving back into blood due to increase conc. of solutes
32
net filtration pressure
net hydrostatic pressure-net colloid osmotic pressure
33
3 factors affecting local blood flow
1. degree of vascularization 2. autoregulation 3. total blood flow (cardiac output)
34
autoregulation
responding to local conditions to change vasomotion
35
degree of vascularization
how many capillaries/blood vessels increase vascularizaion, increase local blood flow
36
total blood flow
- cardiac output | - amount of blood that moves through cardiovascular system mL/time
37
vasodilators
decreased O2, nutrients increased CO2 ANP & epinephrine
38
vasoconstrictors
increased O2, nutrients decreased CO2 Angiotensin II, aldosterone, ADH, norepinephrine
39
blood pressure
force per unit area that blood exerts against the inside of vessel walls
40
resistance
opposition/friction of blood flow
41
capillary blood pressure
non pulsatile | low pressure to prevent damage
42
venous blood pressure
non- pulsatile | low pressure--shallow pressure gradient, difficult to move blood
43
arterial blood pressure
pulsatile--b/c relaxation/contraction of heart | systolic & diastolic pressures
44
diastolic arterial pressure
minimum pressure during relaxation
45
pulse pressure 1. Equation 2. Measurement of what?
1. systolic-diastolic | 2. measure elasticity of arteries
46
Define mean arterial pressure
avg pressure that propels the blood forward measures how well tissues are being profused
47
MAP equation
diastolic BP + (1/3 pulse pressure)
48
as blood moves farther from the aorta, what happens to pulse pressure & MAP?
decreases
49
3 sources of resistance
1. vessel length 2. vessel diameter 3. viscosity
50
2 mechanisms of venous return
1. skeletal muscle contraction | 2. respiratory pump
51
relationship b/t BP and resistance and equation
total blood flow is proportional to pressure & resistance | blood flow x resistance = BP
52
changes in BP receptors? located where?
1. barorecptors | 2. aortic arch & aortic arteries
53
neural regulation for increased BP
parasympathetic NS decreases HR
54
neural regulation for decrease BP
sympathetic NS increases HR & contractility
55
relationship between BP & resistance
increased resistance (i.e. atherosclerosis) increases BP to iensure proper perfusion of tissues
56
long term resistance does what to blood pressure and work-load of heart?
increases BP and work-load
57
sympathetic NS effects
increase HR & contractility | fight or flight!
58
parasympathetic NS effects
decrease HR | rest & digest!
59
fx of cardiac center
regulates heart & cardiac output
60
fx of vasomotor center
controls degree of vasoconstriction
61
what detects change in resistance
vasomotor center in medulla oblongata
62
parasymp or symp NS control vasoconstriction
sympathetic
63
define vasomotor tone
symp NS controls for constant vasoconstriction but adjusts as needed d/t increase/decrease in BP
64
autonomic reflexes monitor/change BP how?
monitor BP w/ baroreceptors monitor blood chemistry w/ chemoreceptors
65
catecholamines effect on BP
(epinephrine/norepinephrine) Increase BP because: increase HR, contractility, vasoconstriction
66
aldosterone 1. release stimuli 2. effect
1. low BP, high potassium, low sodium, angiotensin II | 2. decrease urine output and increase blood volume which increases BP
67
ADH 1. release stimuli 2. effect 3. what happens at high levels?
1. angiotensin II, low BP 2. decrease urine output, increase blood volume, increase BP 3. increase vasoconstriction and BP/blood flow
68
atrial natrieretic peptide 1. stimuli for release 2. effects
1. atrial cells release b/c increased BP | 2. increase sodium & urine excretion which decreases blood volume and BP
69
define blood flow velocity
how fast blood is moving through a vessel
70
cross sectional area does what to blood flow velocity
increase cross sectional area, velocity decreases
71
blood flow and exercise
symp NS increases cardiac output, HR, stroke volume--->increases BP vasoconstriction of veins-->push blood to arts vasoconstrict abdominal organs, vasodilate skeletal muscles, coronary arts, brain, skin
72
hepatic portal system fxn
drains blood to liver before draining to inferior vena cava

A&P2 (3 decks)

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