lymphatic system

Question 1

fxn of lymphatic system (3)

Answer 1

1. defense w/ immune cells
2. fluid balance
3. fat absorption

Question 2

how does fat get absorbed?

Answer 2

via lacteals that are lymphatic capillaries in instestines

Question 3

define lymph

Answer 3

Interstitial fluid in lymphatic capillaries

resembles plasma except w/ fewer proteins

Question 4

primary lymphatic organs (2)

Answer 4

thymus & red bone marrow

Question 5

structure of lymphatic capillaries

Answer 5

• have closed ends
• mini-valves open to collect interstitial fluid
• larger lumen, thinner walls & more gaps in basement membrane

Question 6

Define lacteal

Answer 6

lymphatic cap found in intestines that absorb chyle (fat)

Question 7

chyle

Answer 7

fatty lymph

Question 8

larger lymphatic vessels vs veins

Answer 8

similar to veins except:
more valves
thinner walls

Question 9

flow of lymph

Answer 9

lymphatic capillaries->larger “affarent” vessels-> lymph node-> larger “effarent” vessels->lymphatic trunks->lymphatic ducts->R&L subclavian veins

Question 10

right lymph duct:

1. collects from?
2. empties into?

Answer 10

1. R jugular, R subclavian,R bronchomediastinal

2. to R subclavian vein

Question 11

thoracic duct

1. collects from?
2. empties into?

Answer 11

1. cisterna chyli & all other trunks

2. L subclavian vein

Question 12

jugular trunk drains?

Answer 12

head

Question 13

subclavian trunks drain?

Answer 13

shoulders & arms

Question 14

bronchomediastinal trunks drain?

Answer 14

thoracic cavity & lungs

Question 15

R & L lumbar trunks drain?

Answer 15

legs & pelvic region

Question 16

intesinal trunk drains?

Answer 16

intestines & abdominal cavity

Question 17

Fxn of primary lymphatic organs

Answer 17

formation & maturation of lymphocytes

Question 18

seconadry lympatic organs (4)

Answer 18

lymph nodes
spleen
tonsils
MALT

Question 19

fxn of red bone marrow

Answer 19

makes formed elements (WBCs, RBCs, platelets)

Question 20

t-lymphocytes

1. Made where?
2. Mature where?

Answer 20

made in red bone marrow

mature in thymus

Question 21

thymus

1. structure
2. fxn

Answer 21

1. 2 lobes surrounded by capsule, trabeculae divide lobes into lobules
   each lobule has medulla & cortex
2. mature & test T-cells for immunocompetence

Question 22

define involution

Answer 22

tyumus shrinks w/ age and becomes fatty

peak size during puberty

Question 23

fxn of reticular endothelial cells

Answer 23

• create thymic blood barrier

- stimulate t-cell maturation w/ MHC challenge

Question 24

structure of lymph nodes

Answer 24

• varry in size & found in clusters

- fibrous capsule surrounds lymph node, trebeculae divide node into nodules–> each nodule has cortex&medulla

Question 25

fxn of lymph nodes

Answer 25

filter lymph to remove pathogens

Question 26

lymphatic nodule 1. location 2. structure

Answer 26

1. in cortex of lymph node | 2. germinal center & mantle zone

Question 27

medullary cords 1. location 2. structure

Answer 27

1. in medulla | 2. Strands of macrophages & b&t lymphocytes (swings through fluid)

Question 28

spleen fxn

Answer 28

filters blood to remove pathogens

Question 29

spleen structure

Answer 29

collagen&elastin fibers = capsule splenic artery white & red pulp

Question 30

white pulp 1. structure 2. fxn

Answer 30

1. B&T-cells, macrophages, clustered around central arteries 2. monitor blood for pathogens

Question 31

red pulp 1. structure 2. fxn

Answer 31

1. splenic cords w/ RBCs, platelets¯ophages sinusoidal capillaries 2. platelet&iron storage destruction of old RBCs & platelets

Question 32

what is the fxn of the spleen in a fetus

Answer 32

erythropoesis

Question 33

blood flow through spleen

Answer 33

splenic artery->central arteries->white pulp->red pulp->venules->splenic vein->hepatic portal vein->liver

Question 34

tonsils 1. structure 2. fxn

Answer 34

1. Large groups of lymphatic nodules organized around a tonsillar crypt 2. protect against pathogens entering body

Question 35

Diffuse lymphatic tissue vs MALT

Answer 35

``` Diffuse = scattered lymphatic nodules in CT capsule of many organs MALT = same except clusters in mucous membranes ```

Question 36

Fxn of secondary lymphatic organs

Answer 36

houses immunocompetent lymphocytes And initiates immune response

Question 37

Thymus medulla has what type of cells?

Answer 37

Immunocompetent T cells

Question 38

Thymus cortex has what type of cells?

Answer 38

Pre-T lymphocytes

Question 39

Germinal center 1. Location 2. Contains what?

Answer 39

1. Cortex of lymph node | 2. B cells & macrophages

Question 40

Mantle zone 1. Location 2. Contains what?

Answer 40

1. Outer layer of cortex of lymph node | 2. Lymphocytes, macrophages & dendritic cells