BLS & Cardiac Arrest

Question 1

Scene Survey:

Answer 1

Ensure personal safety, use standard precautions

Question 2

Primary Assessment:

Answer 2

LOC
ABC
Sx4

Question 3

Assess LOC

Answer 3

Level of Consciousness

Question 4

ABC

Answer 4

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

Question 5

Sx4:

Answer 5

Severe bleeding
Stroke
Shock
Spinal injuries

Question 6

CAB in BLS (Basic Life Support)

Answer 6

Circulation first → compressions

Airway → open airway

Breathing → give breaths

Question 7

Recovery Position: Adults

Answer 7

Supine unless vomiting or unconscious with breathing → side-lying

Question 8

Recovery Position: Child

Answer 8

Face down on forearm, head lower than body

Question 9

Cardiac Chain of Survival

Answer 9

Early recognition & call EMS

Early CPR

Early defibrillation

Advanced life support

Post-cardiac arrest care

Question 10

___ is leading cause of death in youth athletes

Answer 10

SCA

Question 11

Approx. ___ of athletes are asymptomatic until SCA

Answer 11

80%

Question 12

Myocardial infarction can lead to:

Answer 12

cardiac arrest

Question 13

Cardiac Arrest vs. Heart Attack

Answer 13

Heart Attack: Blocked artery, patient may be alert, can lead to cardiac arrest

Cardiac Arrest: Electrical issue → no pulse, not breathing, Need to “reset” electrical activity!

Question 14

Cardiac Arrest - types:

Answer 14

Ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib)

Ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach)

Asystole (cannot be defibrillated)

Question 15

Common Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death

Answer 15

HCM (Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy) 36%

Coronary abnormalities 17% (aortic stenosis)

Commotio cordis

Marfan syndrome

WPW, Long QT Syndrome

Drugs: ephedra, cocaine, steroids

Question 16

Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias:

Answer 16

Long QT syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome

Question 17

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) s/sx:

Answer 17

Chest pain, “pressure”, “tightness”, “crushing sensation”, “heaviness”

May spread to shoulders, neck

Question 18

Chest Pain EMS if:

Answer 18

severe pain

lasts longer than 3-5 minutes

goes away and comes back

persists during rest

Question 19

Prevention & Care:

Answer 19

Pre-participation Examination

CPR/AED

Athletic Trainers

Question 20

Pre-participation Examination

CPR/AED

Athletic Trainers

Answer 20

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

For a victim in cardiac arrest

Unconscious, not breathing, no pulse

Question 21

Each minute that CPR and defibrillation are delayed, the victim’s chance for survival is reduced by about ___

Answer 21

10 percent

Question 22

Adult 1-person CPR:

Answer 22

cycles of 30:2 compressions:breaths

Rate: 100–120/min

Depth:
Adult: 2-2.4”
Child: 2”
Infant: 1.5”

Question 23

2-person CPR:

Answer 23

Adult – 30:2
Child/Infant – 15:2

Infant: Use two thumbs encircling method for 2-person CPR

Question 24

AED

Answer 24

(Automated External Defibrillator)

Continue CPR until the AED analyzes rhythm

Do NOT touch patient while analyzing or shocking!

Question 25

Continue ___ of CPR between shocks.

Answer 25

2 minutes

Question 26

Each minute that CPR and defibrillation are delayed, the victim’s chance for survival is reduced by about ___

Answer 26

10 percent

Question 27

AED – Child/Infant

Answer 27

Pediatric AEDs – for children up to 8 years or 55 lbs Use adult AED if pediatric pads are not available Do not let the pads touch each other! Anterior/posterior placement if necessary

Question 28

TRUE or FALSE? It is safe to use an AED in rain or snow.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

TRUE or FALSE? An AED can safely be used on a pregnant woman.

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

TRUE or FALSE? If someone has a lot of chest hair, you need to shave it before attempting to use the AED.

Answer 30

FALSE Hair rarely interferes. Try analyzing first, if unable to analyze, then remove pads and shave.

Question 31

TRUE or FALSE? If a victim has a body piercing or is wearing jewelry, you need to remove the item before using an AED.

Answer 31

FALSE (just avoid placing pads over it)

Question 32

TRUE or FALSE? You can shock someone who has an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker device.

Answer 32

TRUE (avoid placing pad directly over)

Question 33

TRUE or FALSE? It is okay to shock a victim on a metal surface.

Answer 33

TRUE As long as proper precautions are taken – pads not touching metal surface, no one touching victim during shock!

Question 34

TRUE or FALSE? You should always remove medication or other topical patches (using gloves) prior to using the AED.

Answer 34

TRUE Remove medication patches, such as nicotine patches, that are present on the chest prior to applying the AED.

Question 35

Rescue Breaths:

Answer 35

Adult: 1 breath every 5–6 sec Child/Infant: 1 every 2–3 sec

Question 36

If the breaths do not go in ->

Answer 36

Obstructed airway

Question 37

Conscious Choking - adult

Answer 37

Step 1: Obtain consent Step 2: Call EMS/911 if needed Step 3: Perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)

Question 38

Conscious Choking - infant

Answer 38

Step 1: Obtain consent from guardian Step 2: Call EMS/911 if needed Step 3: Alternate 5 back blows with 5 chest compressions

Question 39

Unconscious Choking (All Ages)

Answer 39

🔄 Cycle: thrust, look in airway, breathe 30 Chest Compressions Look in airway (only sweep if you see an object — no blind sweeps) Attempt 2 rescue breaths

Question 40

Call First vs. Care First (When Alone) 📞 CALL FIRST

Answer 40

(Call 9-1-1 before giving care) 🧍‍♂️ Any unresponsive person ~12 years or older 👶 A child/infant who you saw collapse ❤️ An unresponsive child/infant with heart problems

Question 41

Call First vs. Care First (When Alone) 🩹 CARE FIRST

Answer 41

(Give care first, then call 9-1-1) 👶 Unresponsive child/infant you didn’t witness collapse 🫁 Someone who is choking 💉 Someone having severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) with epinephrine 🩸 Person with severe, life-threatening bleeding