Blue Text -- Exam 1

Question 0

Thucydides

Answer 0

First described the observation that surviving the initial contraction of a disease (plague) prevents further infection (430BC).

Question 1

Lady Mary Montagu

Answer 1

Observed variolation of smallpox led to protection from smallpox.

Question 2

Edward Jenner

Answer 2

Inoculation with cowpox prevents infection from smallpox (1798).

Question 3

Louis Pasteur

Answer 3

Use of weakened (attenuated) virus allowed creation of the first vaccine in humans (rabies).

Question 4

Von Behring & Kitasoto

Answer 4

Demonstrated that blood serum of immunized animals can confer immunity to unimmunized animals. Nobel prize, 1901.

Question 5

Elie Metchnikoff

Answer 5

Observed + described white blood cells (phagocytes) consuming foreign microbes via phagocytosis. Hypothesized phagocytes were the major effectors of immunity, as these cells were more active in immunized animals.