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BMS LECTURE > BMS LAB EXAM 2 > Flashcards

BMS LAB EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we control microbial growth daily?

A

sterilization, decontamination, antisepsis, and sanitizing

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2
Q

Disinfection

A

application of chemical or physical agents to destroy or inhibit MOST microorganisms, particularly pathogens
examples: soft plastic, large objects and flesh

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3
Q

Sterilization

A

removal or destruction of all microbes including endospores and viruses
examples: glassware, small metal objects and hard plastic

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4
Q

Antiseptic

A

stops or slows down the growth of microorganisms

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5
Q

Aspects of a good chemical or antibiotic

A

rapid action
solubility in water of alc
long term stability
broad spectrum activity
nontoxic to humans
penetrates inanimate surfaces
resistance to becoming inactive
non corrosive or staining
sanitizing and deodorizing properties
affordable and available

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6
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria

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7
Q

Bactericidal

A

a substance that kills bacteria

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8
Q

Narrow spectrum

A

an antibiotic that can only be used for one disease

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9
Q

Broad spectrum

A

an antibiotic that can be used for a multitude of diseases

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10
Q

MIC

A

The minimal inhibitory concentration needed to inhibit bacterial growth

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11
Q

MBC

A

the lowest concentration of an antibiotic required to kill all microorganisms

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12
Q

Performance of antibiotic susceptibility testing ( types, aspects, and results)

A
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13
Q

What is a dichotomy

A

a contrast between two bacteria that are opposite in microbial testing

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14
Q

Blood agar

A

Gram Positive; tests for hemolysis
Gamma( no growth): S. aureus, S. epi, S. sapro, Micrococus, entero, corynebacterium
Beta(clear zone in media): Strep. aga, strep. pyo, bacillus cereus
Alpha( green/brown bruised appearance): Strep. pneumoniae

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15
Q

Catalase

A

Gram Positive; test if the organism produces catalase; breaks down into water and oxygen; bubbles is positive nothing is negative
+ : S. aureus, S. epi, S. sapro, micro
- : Strep.aga, Strep. pneumonia, strep. pyo, entero

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16
Q

Coagulase

A

Gram Positive; Tests if organism can produce coagulase
rabbit plasma
+ (solid): S. aureus
-(liquid) : s. epi, s. sapro, micro, entero f

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17
Q

Taxonomic discs ( A, P, NB)

A

Gram Positive;
A disc: tests for sensitivity to bacitracin
R : Strep aga, Strep pneu, Entero
S: Strep pyo
P disc: tests for sensitivity to optochin
R: Strep aga, strep pyo, entero
S: strep pneu
NB disc: tests for sensitivity to novobiocin
R: S. sapro
S: S. aureus, s. epi, micro

18
Q

6.5% NaCl

A

Gram Positive; tests ability to grow in salt
+(cloudy): S. aureus, S.epi, S. sapro, micro, entero
-( no growth or change): Strep. aga, strep. pyo, strep pneu

19
Q

CTA Mannitol

A

Gram Positive; Test if bacteria can ferment sugar in mannitol- if positive pH will decrease
+(yellow) : s.aureus, s. sapro, entero
- (red/orange): s. epi, micro, strep. aga, strep. pneu, strep. pyo

20
Q

Lecinthinase

A

Gram Positive; tests production of lecithinase
+( appearance of white/ opaque diffused zone): bacillus cereus
- ( no zone): corynebacterium xerosis

21
Q

MacConkey

A

Gram Negative; Positive for lactose with red/pink bacteria growth/ negative with white bacteria growth
All negative bacillus are positive

22
Q

Oxidase

A

Gram Negative; Tests for Cytochrome oxidase
Positive if bacteria turns purple, negative if no change
+ : aeromonas, pseudomonas. aeruginosa
- : E. coli, Klebisella, Proteus. v, Salmonella, Yersinia, Entero

23
Q

DNase

A

Gram Negative; Positive if bacteria turns pink, negative if no change
- looking for hydrolysis of DNA

24
Q

Phenol red sugars

A

Gram Negative; Testing for the ability to ferment glucose: pH will decrease
Positive if yellow; negative if red/orange
+ : areomonas, E.coli, Klebisella, Proteus, Salmonella, Yersinia, Entero
- : Pseudomonas

25
Q

TSI triple sugar iron

A

Gram Negative; Tests for sugar fermentation( glucose, lactose, and sucrose)
Positive for glucose if black or yellow butt; Positive for lactose or sucrose if it has a yellow slant
Negative if pink/orange
+ : E. Coli, Klebisella, Proteus, Yersinia
- : Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Entero

26
Q

SIM Indole Sulfeur indole motility

A

Gram Negative; Indole production
Positive if red; negative if yellow
+ : Aeromonas, E.coli, Proteus, Yersinia
- : Klebisella, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Entero

27
Q

Citrate

A

Gram Negative; test for the ability to use exogenous citrate as sole carbon source
Positive if blue; negative if green
+ : Aeromonas, Klebisella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Entero
- : E.coli and Yersinia

28
Q

Urease

A

Gram Negative; Testing for bacteria’s ability to hydrolyze urase
Positive if pink; negative if yellow
+ : Klebisella, Proteus, Yersinia
- : Aeromonas, E.coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Entero

29
Q

Normal flora

A

mutualistic microbes that colonize the surface of your body without normally causing disease

30
Q

Symbiosis

A

Mutualism: both benefit
Commensalism: one benefits, one unharmed
Parasitism: one benefits, other harmed

31
Q

Opportunistic infections

A

an increase in the microbial population or introduction of bacteria to unusual sites on the body, even normal microbiota

32
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

infections acquired in the healthcare environment, either by direct transfer from a healthcare worker or contact with an inanimate fomite

33
Q

H2s Production

A

Gram Negative; Tests if bacteria can reduce sulfur
Positive if black; negative if no change
+ : Proteus and Salmonella
- : Aeromonas, E.coli, Klebisella, Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Entero

34
Q

what causes gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorhoeae

35
Q

what causes bacterial meningitis

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

36
Q

All enterobacterisceae..

A

can ferment glucose in anaerobic and aerobic conditions and are all oxidae negative

37
Q

MacConkey agar is both

A

selective and enteric and differential for lactose fermenting bacteria

38
Q

Part of the normal flora

A

staphylococcus and micrococcus
streptococcus is found in the normal flora of the throat
enterococcus is a normal flora of the small intestine

39
Q

3 major disease-causing species

A

S. aureus (skin), S. saprophyticus (UTI), and s. epidermidis ( endocarditis)

40
Q

hemolysins

A

substances that lyses red blood cells
gamma: complete desrcution of red blood cells
beta: clear zone in the media
alpha: green/brown zone around colonies

41
Q

Streptococcus can cause

A

pharyngytis, skin infections, scarlet fever, etc.

42
Q

Bacillus cereus forms

A

endospores

BMS LECTURE (4 decks)

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