BOC EXAM Flashcards
(261 cards)
1
Q
5 Types of Tissue Loading
A
- Compression 2. Tension 3. Shearing 4. Bending
5. Torsion
2
Q
Define: Clonic Muscle Spasm
A
Involuntary contraction to relaxation in rapid succession
3
Q
Define: Tonic Muscle Spasm
A
Constant contraction over period of time
4
Q
Define Tendinosis
A
Shift from Tendinitis to tendon degeneration.
S/S: Pain, swollen, stiffness.
Tx: Strengthen and stretch tendon
5
Q
Define Tenosynovitis
A
Inflammation of tendon and synovial sheath
6
Q
Latent Trigger Point
A
Does not cause spontaneous pain but restricts movement or causes muscle weakness. Pain is felt when pressure is applied over point.
7
Q
Active Trigger Point
A
Causes pain at rest. Applied pressure over causes “jump sign.” Referred pain/radiating pain.
8
Q
Define: Osteoarthritis
A
Decrease of hyaline cartilage
9
Q
Name the 5 functions of Bone
A
- Body Support 2. Organ Protection 3. Movement via joints/levers 4. Calcium storage
- Hematopoiesis - formation of blood
10
Q
What do Osteoblasts do?
A
Bone Producing cells
11
Q
What do Osteoclasts do?
A
Bone-remodeling cells
12
Q
Define: Hypoesthesia
A
Diminished sense of feeling
13
Q
Define: Hyperesthesia
A
Increase sense of feeling
14
Q
Define Paresthesia
A
Numbness, tingling, prickling
15
Q
Define Neuropraxia
A
Compression or mild blunt blow to nerve. Temporary loss of function within hrs - months
16
Q
Define Neuritis
A
Inflammation of nerve
17
Q
Burning Sensation is indicative of…
A
a nerve being over stretched
18
Q
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation (5)
A
- Redness (Rubor) 2. Swelling (Tumor) 3. Pain (Dolor) 4. Heat (Calor)
- Loss of function (functiolaesa)
19
Q
Job of Chemical Mediator - Histamine
A
Vasodilation and increase cell permeability
20
Q
Job of Chemical Mediator - Leukotrines
A
Margination
21
Q
Job of Chemical Mediator - Cytokines
A
Attract phagocytes to injured site
22
Q
Psychological Response (Kubler - Ross rx) 5 Steps
A
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
23
Q
Define: Hypovolemic
A
Decrease blood volume leading to shock
24
Q
Neurogenic Shock
A
General dilation of vessels
25
Psychogenic Shock
Fainting (syncope)
| Temporary dilation of vessels
26
Cardiogenic Shock
Inability of heart to pump enough blood
27
Septic Shock
Bacterial toxins = dilation of vessels
28
Anaphylactic Shock
Allergies
| Tx:epi-pen
29
Metabolic Shock
Untreated diabetes
| Decrease of body fluids
30
S/S of Shock
```
Moist
Pale
Clammy Skin
Weak + Rapid pulse
Increased shallow respiratory rate
Decreased systolic
```
31
Normal Pulse Rates
Children
Adults
Children 60-100 bpm
| Adults 80-100 bpm
32
Normal Respiration Rates
Children
Adults
Children 12-20
| Adults 15-30
33
Normal Temperature Range
98.2 DF - 98.6 DF
34
Define Saggital plane
Divides body into left/right
35
Define Transverse plane
Divides body into upper/lower
36
Define Coronal plane
Divides body into anterior/posterior
37
Difference between Sign and Symptom
Sign - Indicator of disease. Determined when pt. is examined
| Symptoms - Change indicating injury/disease. Subjective from pt.pov
38
HOPS stands for?
History
Observation
Palpation
Special Tests
39
Define Conduction
Heating through direct contact
40
Define Convection
Heating indirectly through medium such as air/liquid - whirlpool
41
Define Radiation
Transfer of heat through space from one object to another - diathermy
42
Define Conversion
Heating through other forms of energy - ultrasound
43
Define Effleurage Massage
Stroking
44
Define Petrissage Massage
Kneading
45
Define Friction Massage
Heat producing massage
46
Define Tapotement Massage
Percussion
47
Myotome Patterns C1
None
48
Myotome Pattern C2
Neck Flexion
49
Myotome Pattern C3
Neck lateral flexion/extension
50
Myotome Pattern C4
Shoulder Shrug
51
Myotome Pattern C5
Shoulder ABD
52
Myotome C6
Elbow flexion
| Wrist extension
53
Myotome C7
Elbow extension
| Wrist flexion
54
Myotome C8
Ulnar Deviation
| Thumb Extension
55
Myotome T1
Finger ADD/ABD
56
Myotome L1
None
57
Myotome L2
Hip flexion
58
Myotome L3
Knee Extension
59
Myotome L4
Ankle Dorsiflexion
60
Myotome L5
Hallux Extension
61
Myotome S1
Plantar Flexion/eversion/knee flx/hip ext
62
Myotome S2
Plantar flexion/knee flexion/hip ext
63
Myotome S3
None
64
Myotome S4
Bladder/Rectum anal wink
65
Define Proprioception
Ability to determine position of joint in space
66
Define Kinesthesia
Ability to detect movement
67
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) uses
Analgesic effects
Antipyretic
Headaches
NO ANTI INFLAMMATORY activity
68
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) uses
```
Analgesic effects
Antipyretic
Anti inflammatory
Blood thinner
Headaches
NOT FOR CONTACT SPORTS
Decrease clotting
```
69
NSAID uses
```
Analgesic effects
Antipyretic
Anti inflammatory
Good for menstrual cramps, somatic pain, soft tissue injury.
NOT GOOD FOR HEADACHES
```
70
Beta Blockers uses
Decrease BP used for hypertension - relaxes vessels
71
Apophysitis "Severs Disease" is what?
A bony outgrowth at the calcaneus where the achilles tendon attaches.
Tx. Ice, rest, achilles stretch, NSAID, heel lift
72
Pronation often indicates what type of arch?
Pes Planus
73
Supination often indicates what kind of arch?
Pes Cavus
74
Anteversion of the hip means what?
Internal Rotation of hip
75
Retroversion of the hip means?
External rotation of the hip
76
Measuring Anatomical Leg Length Descrepancy. Name the landmarks.
ASIS - Med. Patella - Med. Malleoli
77
Measuring Functional Leg Length Discrepancy. Name the landmarks.
Umbillicus (navel) - Lat.Condyle of knee - Med. Malleoli
78
Name the Rotator Cuff Muscles (4)
1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres Minor
4. Subscapularis
79
How many degrees of shoulder flexion/extension?
FLX - 180
| EXT - 50
80
How many degrees of shoulder ABD/ADD?
ABD - 180
| ADD - 40
81
How many degrees of shoulder IR/ER?
IR - 90
| ER - 90
82
Define Bankart Lesion?
Anterior defect of the labrum
83
Define Hill Sachs Lesion
Posterior lateral defect of the labrum
84
Define SLAP lesion
Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior lesion
85
Formula for calculating Max Heart Rate?
Max HR = 220 - Age
86
Ely's test is used to check?
Tight rectus femoris
87
Ober's test?
Tight IT band or Tensor Fascia Latae
88
Thomas Test?
Tight hip flexors/ilopsoas/rectus femoris/IT band
89
Craigs test?
Anteversion and retroversion of the hip
90
FABER Test
Hip is in Flexion ABD and External Rotation
| SacroIliac joint, ilopsoas, hip flexor
91
Scour test
Osteoarthritis of the knee
92
Trendelenberg
Gluteus Medius/hip abd
93
Slocum test
15 degrees ER foot placement tests for anteromedial instability of the knee.
30 degrees IR tests for anterolateral instability of knee
94
Apleys Compression Test
Meniscal tear
95
McMurrays Test
Meniscus Tear. "Figure "U" with the knee to search for popping and pain"
96
Clarkes Sign Test
Patellar Chondromalacia
VMO weakness
Patellar tracking issue
97
Nobel Compression test
Tight IT Band
98
Talar Tilt Test
ADD - Calcaneofibular ligament tear
| ABD - Deltoid ligament
99
Homan's Sign
Deep Vein Thrombosis DVT.
100
Lateral Ligaments of Anke. 3 Important
Anterotalofibular, Calcaneofibular, Posterior calcaneofibular
101
Medial ligament of ankle important (1)
Deltoid ligament
102
Thompson Test
Integrity of Achilles Tendon
103
Yergasons Test
Pain in bicipital groove. Indicative of bicipital tendinitis.
104
Speeds Test
Long head of biceps brachii. Bicep muscle or tendon pathology
105
Neers Test
Impingement of supraspinatus with the subacromial space
106
Empty Can Test
Supraspinatus pathology
107
Adsons Test
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Scalenes impinging subclavian artery
108
Roos Test
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Subclavian Artery impingement
109
How do you test for Lateral Epicondylitis? Positioning.
Pt. elbow flexed with wrist extension.
110
Positioning for Medial Epicondylitis.
Elbow extension with wrist flexion
111
Finkelsteins Test
Tensosynovitis of the Extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. Dequervains Syndrome
112
Phalens Test
Carpal Tunnel
113
HIPPA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
114
Muscle Grading 2
Complete ROM some assistance no gravity
115
TBI
Traumatic Brain Injury
116
Special Test for DVT
Homan's Sign
117
Chondromalacia
Articular cartilage softening
118
Wrist Ganglion
Synovial Cyst, herniation of joint capsule, synovial sheath of tendon
119
Uncomplicated Crown fracture
Small portion of tooth broken, no bleeding and pulp chamber is not exposed
120
Dupuytren's Contracture
Nodules in palmar aponeurosis that limit finger extension
121
ECG of Heart (T-Wave)
Ventricular repolarization
122
DeQuervain's Disease
Stenosing Tenosynovitis in the thumb
| Finkelsteins Test
123
ECG of Heart Time
0.8 secs
124
Complicated Crown fracture
Portion of tooth fractured, bleeding, pulp chamber is exposed. Very painful
125
Elbow Osteochondritis Dissecans
Impairment of blood supply to anterior surfaces causes fragmentation of portion of articular cartilage and bone. 10-15 yr old throwers or raquet sports
126
Domains of AT (6)
Prevention, clincal eval and dx, immediate care, tx, admin, professional responsibility
127
Spooning or Depression nails (Koilonychia)
Thyroid, iron, anemia
128
Dermaphytes
Ringworm
129
Bacterial or Viral? MRSA
Bacterial
130
Bacterial or Viral? Impetigo Contagiosa
Bacterial
131
Bacterial or Viral? Furuncles (boils)
Bacterial
132
Bacterial or Viral? Carbuncles
Bacterial
133
Bacterial or Viral? Folliculitis
Bacterial
134
Bacterial or Viral? Paranychia/Onychia
Bacterial
135
Bacterial or Viral? Tetanus
Bacterial
136
Bacterial or Viral? Acne Vulgaris
Bacterial
137
Kiebocks Disease
Insufficient blood supply to the lunate
138
Urinalysis results for Dehydration
Specific gravity high amount
139
Bishops/Benediction hand
Ulnar nerve pathology "ulnar claw"
140
ECG of heart (P Wave)
atrial depolarization
141
Otitis Media
Redness and swelling of tympanic membrane
142
Tx: of ruptured tympanic membrane
Control bleeding and refer to physician
143
Panners Disease
Osteochondritis in children younger than 10
144
Ape Hand
Median Nerve pathology
| Inability to ABD thumb
145
MOI of dislocated lunate
Forced hyperextension of wrist
146
FERPA
Family Education Rights and Privacy Act
147
Drop Wrist
Radial Nerve Pathology
148
Muscle Grading 0
No muscle contraction palpated
149
Nonfeasance
Not doing what should have been done
150
Spondylothesis
Spinal disorder in which the vertebra slips forward onto the bone below it. L5/S1 common. Occurs mostly with women
151
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Compression of median nerve
numbness of thumb, index, middle finger, and thumb
Phalens Test
152
Cystitis
Inflammation or infection of the bladder
153
Radiculitis
Inflammation of spinal nerve root
154
NOCSAE
National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment
155
Bacterial or Viral? Herpes Simplex
Viral
156
Bacterial or Viral? Labialis
Viral
157
Bacterial or Viral? Gladioterum
Viral
158
Bacterial or Viral?Herpes Zoster
Viral
159
Urinalysis Results for Diabetes
High in blood sugar (glucose)
160
Swan Neck Deformity
Avulsion of volar plate
| Hyperextension of PIP and Flexion of DIP
161
Spondylolysis
Degeneration of vertibrae - defect in the pars articularis
162
Urethritis
Symptoms of gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, and bacterial infections
163
Anterior Compartment of leg
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneal tertius
164
Lateral Compartment of leg
Fibularis longus and brevis
165
Posterior compartment of leg
Tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and popliteus
166
Superficial posterior compartment of leg
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
167
Epidural Hematoma
Tear of meningeal arteries, LOC, Medical Emergency
| S/S - nausea, decreased pulse/respiration, dizziness
168
Alkylosis
Decreased blood pH
169
Periostitis
Inflammation of the bone covering
170
Sub dural Hematoma
Acceleration/deceleration force that tear vessels that bridge dura mater. Dilation of one pupil. Med Emergency
171
Comotio Cordis
Tramautic blunt impact to chest
| Repolarization phase of T wave
172
HMO
Health Maintenance Organization
173
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
174
Boutonniere Deformity
Ruptures extensor tendon dorsal to middle phalanx
| PIP Flexion and DIP Hyperextension
175
CAATE
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education
176
Urinalysis results for UTI
High hemoglobin
177
Muscle grading 3
Complete ROM against gravity with no resistance
178
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone marrow
179
Urinalysis of general infection
High RBC's
180
ECG of Heart (QRS complex)
Ventrical depolarization and atrial repolarization
181
Mallet finger
Extensor tendon avulsion
182
TFCC
Triangular Fibro Cartilage Complex
Pain on ulnar side of wrist, clicking/catching sensation.
Forced hyperextension of wrist
183
Malfeasance
Acting outside legal boundaries
184
Claw hand
Compression of median and ulnar nerves
185
Anti-tussin
Anti cough
186
Muscle Grading 1
evidence of slight muscular contraction - no joint motion
187
Apophysitis
inflammation of bony outgrowth
188
Hyperplasia
increase muscle fiber amount
189
CT Scan
Computed Tomography Scan
190
CPM
Continuous Passive Motion
191
Meningitis
inflammation of brain and spinal cord
192
Anti-pyruvic
Anti inflammation
193
Misfeasance
Acting inside legal boundaries in an incorrect fashion
194
Jersey Finger
Rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus
195
Chopart's Joint
Metatarsal Joint consisting of two distinct joints. Calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joint
196
Clubbing or cyanotic nails
Congenital heart disorder or chronic respiratory disease
197
Muscle Grading 5
Complete ROM against gravity with maximal resistance
198
Muscle grading 4
Complete ROM against gravity with moderate resistance
199
Ridging of nails
Nutritional deficiencies
200
The Year NATA was formed
1950
201
Slump Test
Sciatic type pain
202
Valsalvas Manuever
Herniated disk
203
Jerk Test
"clunk" at 30 degrees of flexion while being extended. Anterolateral rotary instability
204
Nobles Compression Test
IT band tightness
205
Talar tilt (eversion)
Tear of deltoid ligament
206
Q Angle Test
Normal Female 18 degrees
Male - 13 degrees
Patellofemoral pathology
207
Godfrey 90/90
PCL instability
208
Craigs Test
> 15 degrees toeing in, femoral anteversion, squinting patellae
209
Apley's Test
Compression - meniscal
| Traction - ligamentus
210
Slocum Test with External Rotation
Anteromedial rotary instability - secondary to MCL, ACL, and posteromedial capsule
211
90-90 Straight leg raise test
Knee flexed >20 degrees = tight hamstrings
212
Milgram Test
Low back pain @hip flexion 70 degrees - lumbar spine
213
Kernigs/Brudzinski Sign
Pt. Supine. 90/90 knee is extended until pain.
| Indicative of meningeal irritation, nerve root impingement
214
Hip Scour test
Hip joint pathology - arthritis, osteochondral defects, acetabular labrum defects
215
Thomas Test
Tight iliopsoas and or tight rectus femoris
216
Clarke's Sign
Chondromalacia
217
Spring Test
Increase/decrease in motion in one veterbra - hyper/hypomobility fracture
218
Medial/lateral grind test
Meniscal tear - pain,clicking, grinding
219
Sweep Test
Intracapsular swelling. Knee
220
Interdigital Neuroma Test
Mortons Neuroma - pain between metatarsal heads
221
Thompson Test
Upon squeezing calf foot does not plantar flex - achilles tendon rupture
222
Leg length discrepancy. How much?
Difference of >1 cm - abnormal pelvic positioning
223
Ballotable Patella (Tap test)
Severe joint effusion
224
Talar Tilt Inversion
Tear of calcaneofibular ligament
225
Pivot Shift Test
"Clunk" at 20-30 degrees of flexion - anterolateral instability
226
Gaenslens Test
SI Joint
227
Trendelenberg Test
Pelvis on unsupported side drops - weak gluteus medius
228
Wells SLR Test
Pain on involved side - vertebral disk damage
229
McMurrays Grind test
Click along medial joint line - med. meniscal tear
| Lat. joint line - lat. meniscal tear
230
Stork Test
Spondylolysis
231
Ely's Test
Tight rectus femoris
232
Total Quality Mgmt
A continuous focus on the needs and desires of clients.
233
Personal Power
The power a person has due to person characteristics and personality attributes
234
Entrepreneurial Role
AT who designs and initiates changes for their program and organization
235
Hawthorne effect
people change their behavior because they know they are being studied
236
Scientific mgmt
Mgmt theories from the 1900's that emphasized on strict control of work in order to maximize production through increased efficiency
237
Transactional leadership
simple exchange of one thing for another in a relationship between two people
238
Analytical Listening
AT listens for specific info so they may convey that info. Pt. says they heard pop in knee...AT may convey ACL
239
MGMT
element of the leadership process that involves planning, decision making and coordinating the activities of a group of people working toward a common goal
240
Transformational leadership
transcends day to day administrative requirements of operating an ATEP by elevating standards through the creative use of change and conflict
241
Interpersonal Roles
A managerial role emanating from the possession of formal authority, that requires the manager to interact and form relationships with others in the organization.
242
Spokesperson Role
an informational role that requires communication with organizational influencers and members of the organization's public
243
Leadership
the process of influencing the behavior and attitudes of others to achieve intended outcomes
244
Legitimacy
a check on the athletic trainer's scope of authority
245
Power
The potential to influence
246
Decision Roles
AT is required to use both personal and position power by exercising authority by planning strategies to serve clients better
247
Honeymoon effect
the period of time usually immediately after arriving in a new position, in which persons are more likely to be granted extra authority to make decisions
248
Unity of Command
where a single supervisor directs the work of an employee
249
Zone of Indifference
Hypothetical boundary of legitimacy outside of which requests or orders will be met with mere compliance or refusal.
250
Interference
anything that distorts the message from the sender to the reciever
251
Counterpower
the ability to influence the behavior of a superior
252
Spending ceiling model budget
Requires justification for expenditures exceeding that of the previous year. Con is that inflation can cause an issue
253
Spending reduction model budget
Required to reduce budget to preserve institutional funds. Requires creativity to work with low funds
254
Zero-based budgeting
Must justify every expense without reference to previous spending patterns. Tool for developing priorities in a program
255
Fixed budgeting
Project both expenditures and program income to determine total costs and revenues for the fiscal year. Only appropriate for income-oriented programs. (not school based)
256
Variable budgeting
Requires that expenditures be adjusted according to revenues. not for school based programs
257
Lump-sum budgeting
Fixed total amount of money to be spent wherever the AT sees fit. Administrators hold ATs accountable
258
Line-item budgeting
List anticipated expenditures for specific categories of sub functions. Limited flexibility for midyear crisis because funds cannot be easily transferred between categories
259
Performance Budgeting
Breaks down functions of program into activity costs. Pre game prep, emergency first aid, rehab, etc. Difficult to analyze expenses per activities.
260
Jones fracture
Fracture of the meta diaphyseal junction of the 5th metatarsal of the foot.
261
Les Franc fracture/dislocation
Pathology to the tarsometatarsal - midfoot.
