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CPR Exam 1 > Body Cavities And Respiratory Embryology > Flashcards

Body Cavities And Respiratory Embryology Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Where does the intraembryonic Coelom develop

A

In the lateral plate and cardiogenic mesoderm

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2
Q

What does the intraembryonic coelom do in the lateral plate

A

Divides it into 2 parts

  1. Somatic : PARIETAL = continuous with extraembryonic mesoderm over amnion
  2. Splanchnic : VISCERAL = continuous with extraembryonic mesoderm over umbilical vesicle
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3
Q

Somatopleure

A

Somatic mesoderm over ectoderm = form body wall

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4
Q

Splanchnopleure

A

Splanchnic mesoderm and endoderm = gut

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5
Q

What does the IEC (intraembryonic coelom) divide into

A
  1. 1 pericardial cavity
  2. 2 pleural cavities
  3. 1 peritoneal cavity
    * lined by mesothelium from somatic + Splanchnic mesoderm
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6
Q

How in the coelom after head fold

A

The head bends down forming the pericardial cavity

On either side on the back are 2 tubes = pericardioperitoneal canals on either side of the gut

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7
Q

Before body folding the embryo in is what form

A

Coelom is flat and horseshoe shape

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8
Q

What are the 4 steps of the 4 head folds

A
  1. Embryo elongates cranial and Caudal wk4
  2. Head grows down curling pushing head down and the cardiac stuff with it (septum transversum)
  3. Heart moves from above head to below it in the chest area
  4. Endoderm from foregut
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9
Q

Tail Folding

A

before folding the primitive streak is cranial to cloaca membrane

  1. Curls under like the head part
  2. Primitive streak is caudal to cloaca membrane + CM is also under now part of the curled part
  3. Cloaca : makes part of bladder and rectum
  4. Allantois : also pulled under makes urinary tract
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10
Q

Lateral Folding is driven by and gives rise to what

A

Somites and axial musculature, CT, dermis

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11
Q

Lateral Folding steps

A
  1. The lateral folds fuse with each other : 2 tubes made the body wall(somatic) and gut wall(Splanchnic)
  2. Omphaloenteric duct (Vitelline duct is made)
  3. Intraembryonic and extraembryonic mesoderm narrow = umbilical cord
  4. Amniotic cavity expands to obliterate EEC
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12
Q

Gastroschisis

A

Bowel is uncovered and exposed out the umbilicus and floating in amniotic fluid

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13
Q

Congenital Epigastric Hernia

A

Midline bulge of and
Lateral folds closed however not as tight
So bowel is covered by skin and subcutaneous tissue

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14
Q

A bent tube name the 3 sections from head to most caudal of the 2 tubes
How are they separated

A 
Head is pericardial cavity (heart cavity)
Pericardioperitoneal canals (lung cavity)
Peritoneal cavity (Cecal cavity)
*2 folds grow from dorsal end to separate these
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15
Q

Pleuropericardial folds

A

Separates the pericardial cavity and the pleural cavity (heart and lungs formed and separated)
* cranial of the 2 folds

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16
Q

Pleuroperitoneal folds

A

Separates the pleural vanities from peritoneal cavity (lung and Gut formed and separated)
*caudal of the two folds

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17
Q

Pleuropericardial membrane

A

From the pleuropericardial folds

Separates lungs more posterior and heart more anterior

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18
Q

What causes the pleuropericardial membrane to fuse

What week

A

The growth of the lungs WEEK 7

*also extends centrally

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19
Q

The ends of lung buds grow ventral also which causes what

A

The additional tube around heart
= inner layer fibrous pericardium
And also outer later thoracic wall
* also done by the pleuropericardial folds

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20
Q

Pleural cavity is what

A

From the pericardiaoperitoneal canals which forms the lung

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21
Q

What do the pleuroperitoneal folds fuse with and what week

A

Dorsal mesentery of esophagus and septum transversum WEEK 6

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22
Q

What helps the pleuroperitoneal fold close

A

The myoblasts

The right side closes first

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23
Q

what does the septum transversum become

A

Central tendon of diaphragm *
Heart is inside it
Fuses with the dorsal mesentary of the esophagus and pleuroperitoneal membrane

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24
Q

What does the pleuroperitoneal membrane form

A

Primordial diaphragm

Fuses with dorsal mesentery of esophagus and septum transversum

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25
Dorsal mesentery forms what
The median portion of diaphragm
26
Myoblasts form what
Crura of the diaphragm | Forms from the dorsal mesentery
27
Innervation of the diaphragm is what
Phrenic nerve from C3-C5
28
What causes the phrenic nerve to innervates the diaphragm
The myoblasts pull it as is passes the pleuroperitoneal membranes and into the fibrous pericardium
29
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)
Usually on the left side Lack of myoblasts —> pleuroperitoneal membrane = weak + viscera bulges into pleural cavity - can also delay lung maturation since intestines go up there
30
Where is the Laryngotracheal groove | 2 features
Right under the 4th Pharyngeal pouch * has Splanchnic mesoderm and endoderm * forms the Laryngotracheal diverticulum
31
The Endoderm of the Laryngotracheal groove forms what
Pulmonary epithelium and glands for the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
32
The Splanchnic mesoderm of the Laryngotracheal groove forms what
Comes from the lateral plate | Forms CT, cartilage, SM of lungs, larynx, trachea and bronchi
33
What does the Laryngotracheal diverticulum extend and become
The Respiratory bud —> bifurcates (by *treacheoesophageal fold—> septum) to primary bronchi buds
34
What do the primary bronchi buds form
The ventral one = Laryngotracheal tube : LARYNX, TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNGS The dorsal one = OROPHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS
35
What does the mesenchyme form from 2 swellings
It form the 2 arytenoid swellings = laryngeal inlet for air (primordial glottis)
36
When does recanalization happen and wha this formed
Week 10 | The laryngeal ventricles = vocal and vestibular folds
37
Cartilage of Larynx forms from
Mesenchyme of PA 4 and 6
38
Epithelial lining of larynx forms from
Endoderm of Laryngotracheal tube on cranial most end
39
The epiglottis forms from
The hypopharyngeal eminence from the PA 3 and 4 mesenchyme
40
Laryngeal muscles form from
PA 4 and 6 myoblasts
41
Laryngeal Atresia
X recanalization of the larynx CHAOS : congenital high airway obstruction syndrome = fetal ASCITES and fluid in airway
42
What separates the airway and esophagus
The growth of the epiglottis being in contact with the soft palate
43
The laryngeal diverticulum forms what
2 primary bronchial buds + trachea
44
Where does the trachea CT, cartilage, muscle | And trachea glands and epithelium come from
The Laryngotracheal diverticulum Splanchnic mesoderm | The Laryngotracheal diverticulum Endoderm
45
Tracheoesophageal Fistulas
Abnormal connection between esophagus and trachea DUE TO endoderm foregut not developing fast enough = ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA (blind esophagus)
46
Atresia | Fistula
Degeneration of a part of an organ or structure | Connection
47
Treacheoesophageal Fistula Sx:
X swallow + drool a lot Regurgitate food when fed Gastric contents can go into lungs and trachea -* can become polyhydroamnions fluid in uterus (no swallowing of amniotic fluid) *air in GI
48
What do the respiratory buds form as they grow and bifurcate
Primary bronchi buds
49
The primary bronchial buds grow how
Laterally into the inside of the pericardioperitoneal canals | Induced by FGF for Splanchnic mesenchyme and endoderm to communicate
50
Primary bronchial buds branch into wha that week
Secondary and tertiary bronchial buds WEEK 5
51
what happens week 7
The Bronchopulmonary Segments form | = segmented bronchi (endoderm) and Splanchnic mesenchyme around it
52
LUNG MATURATION | Psudoglandular stage
Week 5-17 Looks exocrine gland like ALL elements of lung there EXCEPT AIR EXCHANGE = fetus can’t survive
53
LUNG MATURATION | Canalicular stage
Week 16-25 Vascularization Respiratory bronchioles, primordial alveolar and sacs from = can have possibility to survive by here
54
LUNG MATURATION | Terminal sac stage
``` Week 24- birth Many alveoli from Epithelium thins and a lot of vascularization Type 1 and type 2 cells = surfactant Gas exchange = definitely survivable fetus ```
55
LUNG MATURATION | Alveolar stage
Week 32-8yo Alveolocapillary membrane form Primitive alveoli a lot of them ——> mature alveoli
56
How long do new alveoli form
Until 8yo | 95% of alveoli mature after birth
57
As the bronchi tree develops The Splanchnic mesoderm forms what 3 things
1. Cartilaginous plates in bronchi 2. Bronchial SM and CT 3. Pulmonary capillaries and CT
58
Fetal Breathing movements
Prepares lungs for birth Inhales amniotic fluid in uterus Fluid leaves when baby is birthed through vagina
59
Pulmonary agenesis
Unilateral agenesis: absence of a lung or lobe + bronchi | =X respiratory bifurcation
60
Pulmonary Hyperplasia
Respiratory buds bifurcates however thorax increased P causes a lung to be small and not developed all the way * common is oligohydraminos (<500ml) esp earlier in gestation
61
Oligohydramnios Potters Sequence
1. Renal Agensis = X amniotic fluid 2. Pulmonary Hyperplasia 3. Fetal Compression (defected hands and feet and face)
62
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Low surfactant made, = labored breathing after birth = lungs underinflated, = type 2 cells cant make surfactant, alveoli have fluid
63
RDS Sx:
``` Tachypnea, nasal flaring Alveoli look glassy membraned on images (opacification) Cyanosis Rib cage retraction Grunting ```

CPR Exam 1 (20 decks)

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