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CPR Exam 1 > Cardiac And Vascular Histology > Flashcards

Cardiac And Vascular Histology Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

SM have what Hallmarks

compared to dense regular CT

A
  1. elongated nuclei
  2. has cross section unstained regions
  3. not wavy
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2
Q

what are Dense bodies made of and what is the function

A

Desmin + Vimentin + intermediate filaments

anchor the thin and thick filaments to the plasma membrane and eachother

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3
Q

Cardiac Muscle Hallmarks

A
  1. striations + INTERCALATED DISCS*
  2. central nuclei
  3. LIPOFUSCIN GRANULES (lysosomal residues) near some nuclei
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4
Q

Cardiac Muscles have how many nucleus
and BF
and intercalated discs

A

1-2
a lot of capillaries
junctions between the cells for electrical current passage

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5
Q

Purkinje cells

A

modified CM cells and acts like pacemaker for heart

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6
Q

2 pericardiums around heart

A 
fibrous pericardium (dense CT)
serous pericardium (3 layers)
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7
Q

Serous pericardium

A
  1. Parietal layer = line inner fibrous pericardium
  2. Visceral layer = outer surface of heart
  3. Pericardial Cavity = space between parietal and visceral layers
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8
Q

CM found where

A

myocardium

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9
Q

what is endocardium and epicardium made of

A

areolar CT

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10
Q

epicardium has

A

fat and ANS, lined by mesothelium, viseral pericardium on top of it

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11
Q

the epicardium fat get blood supply from

A

coronary arteries

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12
Q

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

A

problems with coronary artery branches

= low BS to heart

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13
Q

4 characteristics of myocardium

A
  1. intercalated discs
  2. striations
  3. Lipofuscin granules
  4. Dyad T-tubules system
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14
Q

3 parts that myocardium has

A

AV and SA node
myoendocrine cardiocytes
cardiocytes (contractile)

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15
Q

where can you see the intercalated discs

A

at the Z=line

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16
Q

Fascia adherens

A

actin
transmit contractile forces
Transverse Region

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17
Q

Desmosomes

A

intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton

Transverse Region

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18
Q

Gap (nexus) junction

A

low electrical resistance sites (allows excitation of cells passage)
Longitudinal Region

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19
Q

what is a Dyad T-Tubule made of

A

1 T-tubule + 1 SR cisterna

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20
Q

Dyad T-Tubule function

A

invaginations into sarcolemma at the Z lines

for uniform contraction of myofibrils within a 1 cardiocyte

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21
Q

nodal cardiocytes

A

cells in the SA and AV node
ANS—-> to it
modify CM contractions

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22
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A 
conduct electrical impulse fro coordinated contractions 
LOW amount of myofibruls
HIGH glycogen amounts
-most have X T-tubules
- larger and near periphery
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23
Q

Lipofuscin Granules

Study These Flashcards
A

with age small bodies accumulate in non-diciding cells

= residual bodies after lysosomal digestion)

24
Q

Arterial Granules

Study These Flashcards
A

= myoendocrine cardiocytes
ATRIAL CELLS that have granules (most in RA)
(has precursor for ANF –> Atrial Natriuretic factor)

25
ANF function
goes to kidneys to DECREASE NA+, H2O retention (absorption, so they get excreted)
26
Endocardium
endothelium + CT thin layer of loose CT
27
Endocardium in ventricle
SUBENDOCARDIAL Layer = CT + SM merging with myocardium = has purkinje fibers
28
Endocardium in atrium
NO real suberndocardial layer = purkinje fibers closer to endothelium = intermixed with myocardium
29
Cardiac Skeleton
Danse irregular CT at endocardium - anchor valves - surround AV canals (maintain shape) - part of interventricular and interatrial septa - extends to valve cusps + chordae tendineae (CM attach here , electrical insulator between A and V) *
30
Heart Valves
``` fibroelastic CT (VALVE RING) covered by endothelium continuous with cardiac skeleton ```
31
valve ring
central part of valve
32
Tunica intima
1. Endothelium: simple squamous 2. Basal lamina : collagen proteoglycans, glycoproteins 3. Subendothelial layer : loose CT = internal elastic membrane ——> sheet like fenestrated elastic with arteries and arterioles
33
Endothelial cell location and function
Innermost of tunica intima 1. Blood coagulation and thrombosis 2. Cell junctions many 3. Local vasodilation and vasoconstriction
34
Tunica media
Layer of SM Thick arteries From internal elastic membrane to the external elastic membrane Layer of elastin that separates tunica media and Adventitia
35
Tunica Adventitia
Collagen and elastic fibers Loose CT around vessels 1. Vasa vasorum : vessels of tunica adventitia—> vascular tunics (Large Arteries + Veins) 2. Nervi Vasorum (vascularis) : ANS input —> vascular SM
36
LARGE Arteries
ELASTIC | Has elastin in between SM
37
Medium Arteries
``` MUSCULAR More SM (spiral) then elastin INTERNAL ELASTIC MEMBRANE* You can see the external elastic membrane also* Thick adventitia ```
38
small Arteries and Arterioles
Up to 8 layers of SM + internal elastic membrane (arteries) 1-2 layers of SM + maybe an IEM (arterioles) ARTERIOLES : Sympa (vasoconstriction) and para (vasodilation) ——> tunica media*
39
Capillaries
Metabolic exchange, has endothermic (only tunica intima) D can be smaller then RBCs * PERICYTES : contractile cells of capillaries, continuous with endothelium and controlled by NO, promote capillary stability
40
Continuous capillaries
Has pericyte and TJs Diffusion + transcytosis Muscles, brain, exocrine glands, peripheral N PANCREAS
41
Fenestrated Capillaries
Fenestrated, basal lamina is continuous, TJs Small molecules exchanged Endocrine glands, fluid metabolite absorption organs (GB, Kidney) JEJUNUM
42
Discontinuous Capillaries
Basal lamina is discontinuous + large fenestrations, sinusoidal* Exchange of macromolecules + cells BM, spleen LIVER hepatocytes
43
Metarteriole
First branch from arteriole to make capillary (has SM)
44
Precapillary sphincter
Regulates capillary BF
45
True Capillaries
No SM + pericytes* | Branched off the metarterioles
46
Thoroughfare channel
End of the metarteriole after all its branching of true capillaries, no SM ——> postcapillary venule
47
When pericapillary sphincters close
The blood doesn’t flow through all the true capillary branches and goes straight through from the metarteriole to the postcapillary venule (FASTER VENOUS RETURN)
48
Order of veins
``` Venules (postcapillary- intima and muscular-mediaSM+ adventitia) Small veins (3 layers) Medium V (3 layers), valves Large V (3 layers) *tunica intima can have valves ```
49
Veins are usually
Collapsed in lumen, have large lumen and thin walls
50
What travels with muscular arteries
Medium veins
51
LARGE veins
Longitudinal SM in adventitia Circular SM in media Thin intima
52
Lymph
Send fluids only away from tissues ——> venous supply
53
Lymph capillaries 3 characteristics
1. Incomplete Basal Lamina : high permeability 2. 1 way valve 3. Closed ended tubes ———> make collecting lymph vessels * endothelial cells held by anchoring cells *
54
Lymphatic vessels 3 characteristics
1. Valves 2. 3 layers of tunics 3. TJs, no leakage —> lymph trunks
55
Pathway of lymph from lymph capillaries
``` Lymph capillaries Lymph vessels Lymph trunks RIGTH lymphatic duct (RIGTH UEX) Thoracic Duct (all other body parts) Subclavian V + Internal jugular V junction ```
56
The right lymphatic duct —>
Right subclavian V and internal jugular V
57
Thoracic Duct —>
Left subclavian V + internal Jugular V

CPR Exam 1 (20 decks)

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