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CPR Exam 1 > Cardiac Cycle and Sounds - Karius > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle and Sounds - Karius Flashcards

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1
Q

Electrical event vs mechanical event for heart contraction

A

The electrical event happens first Quality of electrical event doesn’t effect quality of mechanical event

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2
Q

EKG x and y axis

A

X : time Y : voltage

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3
Q

P wave is initiated by the

A

SA node

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4
Q

Conduction velocity in the AV node

A

Is slow causing pause = PR interval (end of P, start of R)

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5
Q

AV node transmits AP by purkinje fibers where in what order

A

Septum Apex Back up lateral walls of each V

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6
Q

Which direction does the heart contract of V

A

Towards the septum

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7
Q

Q wave R wave S wave

A

First - wave + wave Second - wave

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8
Q

What happens from S to T

A

Phase 2 (plateau phase) CA+ influx

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9
Q

When is heart relaxed

A

End of T wave

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10
Q

The 1st cell to depolarize in the myocytes

A

Is the last to repolarize

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11
Q

The last of the myocytes to depolarize

A

Is the first to repolarize

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12
Q

Mechanical event of heart ventricle from Q—> end of T-wave

A

SYSTOLE of ventricle Contracted

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13
Q

When is Ventricular Diastole

A

Relaxed From end of T-wave to beginning of QRS

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14
Q

When is arterial 1. Systole 2. Diastole

A
  1. Beginning of P- wave to QRS 2. QRS to strat of next P-wave
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15
Q

Atrial P increases when (long steady)

A

End of QRS to start of next P wave As it fills with blood

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16
Q

Ventricular Pressure increases a lot when and what effects height of this spike

A

QRS to end of T wave The Systemic BP determines height

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17
Q

Aortic P is how much at its peak

A

Just slight hair above the ventricular P during its peak = causes the decrease in V contraction and ejection of blood

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18
Q

Diastolic P on Aorta and in V

A

V = 0mmHg Aorta = higher like can be around 80mmHg

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19
Q

How much blood does the V have at end of Diastole

A

Around 100-120mL

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20
Q

How much blood does the V have at end of Systole

A

Ejects 50%-60% of Ventricle Maybe around 80mL

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21
Q

When is diastole short of long

A

SHORT = fast HR LONG = slow HR

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22
Q

Jugular P is how

A

Only slight hair above the Artrial P lines Decreases a little when during Ventricular repolarization or (decrease in P)

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23
Q

Jugular P comes from

A

The Jugular V going into the Atria

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24
Q

Reason Aortic P has

A

This is when the Aortic Valve closes and stays at a steady P inside Aorta before blood starts flowing down = end of ventricular ejection + systole = the V Pressure decreases a little earlier

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25
Reason AV node has delay
Allows the atrium to contract and eject all blood to the ventricle Before ventricle contracts
26
What causes the spike of the ventricular Pressure to 100mmgh -120mmgh
The purkinje fibers getting signal from AV node
27
What makes the ventricular pressure to come down from its peak
Aortic valve opens
28
BP 120/70 meaning
120 : Systolic Pressure of Ventricle 70 : Diastolic Pressure of Aorta
29
After T wave the aortic P
Is ABOVE Atrial and Ventricular P Stays decreasing even into the start of ventricular contraction\*
30
When does tricuspid and mitral valve close
When ventricle is contracting by AV node signal
31
What happens right when AV valve closes
The ventricle starts to contract (increases) The VENTRICULAR VOLUME = stays the SAME Atrial P (slight bump of increase)
32
What happens after AV valves have been closed for a while
The V pressure reaches a point that makes pulmonary artery Valve open V Pressure continues to increase to its peak A Pressure goes back down until venous filling later
33
Isovolumetric contraction
Blood volume stays the same has the pressure increases a lot Also called isometric contraction
34
Normal Aortic Pressure
120/70 \* Aorta has to decrease to 70 mmHg for the Aortic valve to open
35
Normal Pulmonary artery pressure
25/15 \* pulmonary A has to decrease to 15mmHg for the pulmonary valve to open
36
Aortic and pulmonary Valves open dictated by
DIASTOLE
37
When does the Aortic valve close
When the ventricular P is a hair slight higher P then aortic P Then Around 120mmHg, both decrease \*end of isometric contraction
38
During the downward part of the ventricular and aortic peak
The aortic P is now a slight hair above P when ventricular P \*POINT OF DIVERGENCE HAPPENS
39
Point of divergence
\*dicrotic notch\* When the pulmonary or aortic valve closes = the Aorta P is steady high for a bit, (due to blood bouncing back) = V P continues to decrease = A P has a tiny spike (due to blood bouncing back)
40
When is isometric relaxation
After all blood has been ejected into aorta or pulmonary
41
What happens as the AV valves are open
The atrium does not contract The ventricle is just filling
42
Pressure of Ventricle for blood to ENTER from Atria RIGHT LEFT
RIGHT : 25/0 LEFT : 120/ 0 \*must be at 0mmHG
43
How fast does the aortic P decrease and what determines this
Slowish (medium) slope down TPR : peripheral resistance Low TPR = high slope decrease High TPR = low slope decrease
44
Diastolic BP determined by
TPR
45
Importance of the jugular pressure reading
See the health of the heart If heart doesn’t pump blood effectively then blood backs up
46
Jugular a wave
When atrium contracts , ,some blood goes back
47
Jugular c wave
When ventricle is in isometric contraction Ends as soon as aortic or pulmonary valve opens
48
V wave
As atrium fills by venous return , some blood goes back the more it gets full
49
LUB sound
S1 AV valve close = sound from the blood in A coming in from venous return hitting the valve that is closed causing a vibration
50
DUB sound
S2 Second heart sound due to closing of aortic and pulmonary valve = sound from blood in aorta or pulmonary bounces back on the valve
51
Reason backflow happens
Gravity, until all blood can flow away
52
S3 sound
When AV valve opens and the blood fills the ventricle from the atrium Right before ventricular filling start, right after S2 \*normal in children or adults for only fast HR
53
S4 sound
During atrial contraction Last little bit of blood ejected into V \* normal in children, right before S1
54
What causes HEART MURMUR
1. Blood is moving in direction it shouldn’t (incompetent valve) 2. Blood has hard time moving in direction it should (stenosis of valve) \*in either systole or diastole
55
Incompetent valve
Regurgitation Valve allows blood to flow through = blood moving in direction it shouldn’t \*
56
Stenosis of valve
Valve cant open all the way \* blood has hard time moving in direction it should\*
57
Mitral regurgitation and happens when
Blood moves back in to atria DURING SYSTOLE
58
Blood cant move effectively into aorta or pulmonary a is a murmur when
During SYSTOLE
59
2 ways to get DIASTOLE murmur
1. Blood moves from pulmonary a + aorta to the ventricle 2. Blood has hard time moving into ventricle from the atrium (stenosis)
60
Sound of systole murmur
Swish sound between LUB and DUB
61
Sound of Diastole murmur
Swish sound after LUB DUB More a wosh sound
62
63

CPR Exam 1 (20 decks)

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