Body fluids

Question 1

Where does the fluid go when animals are delivered intracellular fluids

Answer 1

When fluid is delivered to the bone

Question 2

Biological membranes acts as

Answer 2

Permeability barriers

Question 3

What is diffusion

Answer 3

When a molecule moves down an electrochemical gradient

Question 4

Why are protein pores used

Answer 4

If molecules are too big to pass through bilayer

Question 5

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 5

Conformational change of the protein which causes transport in and out of the cell

Question 6

Does active transport use ATP

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

In primary active transport where does the protein sit

Answer 7

Cell membrane

Question 8

Primary active transport takes ATP and

Answer 8

Splits it into ADP

Question 9

What is the feature of active transport that makes it primary

Answer 9

Binding of solute and break down of ATP happens simultaneously

Question 10

What type of transport is cotransport system

Answer 10

Secondary active transport

Question 11

Why is active transport secondary

Answer 11

Protein which is moving the molecule is not the protein which splits ATP
Stored chemical energy is used

Question 12

Active transport creates a difference in

Answer 12

Charge

Question 13

Solutes move between fluid compartments through

Answer 13

Diffusion
Active transport
Exo/endocytosis
Bulk flow

Question 14

Rate of diffusion is defined by what law

Answer 14

Ficks law

Question 15

What is the equation for Ficks law

Answer 15

Ds
Dt. =. DS

Question 16

Does bulk flow need ATP

Answer 16

No it is a passive process

Question 17

What is bulk flow

Answer 17

Move molecules driven by pressure gradient for water

Question 18

What is the process of exo and endocytosis

Answer 18

When molecules are moved in and out of the cell through membrane bound vesicles

Question 19

What is Donnans effect

Answer 19

Presence of a non permeable charged solute affects the distribution of permeable concentration is equal on both ends

Question 20

What is osmosis

Answer 20

Movement of water down the concentration gradient

Question 21

What force aids osmosis

Answer 21

Gravity

Question 22

What is osmolarity

Answer 22

Describes the number of particles of a solute that are present within that solution

Question 23

Why does sodium chloride have an osm of 2 in comparison to glucose which is 1 osm

Answer 23

Sodium chloride is an electrolyte and will form a mole of Na ions and a mole of Cl ions in solution

Question 24

What is ionicity

Answer 24

Whether water will move between two solutions

Question 25

If you have two isotonic solutions there should be

Answer 25

No net water flow If a solution is hypertonic it contain more non permeable solutes so therefore a lower water concentration

Question 26

What is the total body water in an adult

Answer 26

55-60 percent

Question 27

What fraction of water is in intercellular fluid

Answer 27

2/3

Question 28

What fraction of water is in the extracellular fluid

Answer 28

1/3

Question 29

Where is the extracellular fluid body water in the body

Answer 29

Transcellular- cerebrospinal, eyes, synovial fluid in joints Blood plasma Interstitial fluid

Question 30

When does capillary hydrostatic pressure decrease

Answer 30

When blood is spread over a large number of small capillaries

Question 31

As we go across a capillary bed we see a gradual decrease in

Answer 31

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 32

What happens when a solution is hypotonic

Answer 32

It will contain less non permeable solutes

Question 33

What happens when there is a low quantity of non permeable solutes in a solution

Answer 33

Higher water concentration

Question 34

Water will ALWAYS flow out of what type of solution

Answer 34

Hypotonic

Question 35

What type of solution does a hypotonic solution flow into

Answer 35

Hypertonic

Question 36

What is oedema

Answer 36

Accumulation of excess water in the tissues

Question 37

What are the starling forces

Answer 37

Capillary hydrostatic pressure Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure Osmotic forces Interstitial osmotic pressure

Question 38

Where do the starling forces occur

Answer 38

Capillaries

Question 39

Osmotic forces is due to

Answer 39

Large proteins- unchaotic pressure

Question 40

What is a sign of unbalanced starlings forces

Answer 40

Oedema

Question 41

What happens to the starlings forces when there is an increased cardiac output

Answer 41

Increased arterior pressure Increased capillary pressure Increased filtration

Question 42

When happens to starling forces during exercises

Answer 42

Increased arterior pressure Increased capillary pressure Increased filtration

Question 43

What happens to starling forces when inflammation occurs

Answer 43

Increased interstitial protein concentration Increased osmotic force Increased filtration

Question 44

What happens to starlings forces when there is heart disease and venous obstruction

Answer 44

Increase venous pressure Increase capillary pressure Increased flitration

Question 45

What happens to starling forces when there is liver disease, kidney disease or protein malnutrition

Answer 45

Decrease in plasma protein Decreased oncotic pressure Increased filtration