Non regenerative anaemia

Question 1

What is non regenerative anaemia

Answer 1

A decreased production of red blood bone marrow cells

Question 2

Is this caused by a bone marrow disease?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What is more common secondary or primary non regenerative anaemia

Answer 3

Secondary

Question 4

What is secondary non regenerative anaemia

Answer 4

Diseases outside the bone marrow affects the bone marrows ability to produce new red cells

Question 5

What can be causes of secondary non regenerative anaemia

Answer 5

Nutritional deficiencies
Inflammation
Chronic renal disease
Others like liver disease etc.

Question 6

What types of deficiencies can be associated with nutritional deficiency anaemia

Answer 6

Protein deficiency
Mineral deficiency
Vitamin deficiency

Question 7

Why is iron important in the blood

Answer 7

Essiential component of haem which carries oxygen in rbcs

Question 8

What happens in iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 8

Interferes with Haemoglobin production which causes decreased production of rbcs

Question 9

What type of cells are produced in iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 9

Hypochromic microcytes

Question 10

What happens to the red cell indices in relation to iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 10

Decreased MCV
Decreased MCHC

Question 11

What is a hypochromic microcyte cell

Answer 11

Paler in colour and small cell

Question 12

Causes of iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 12

Chronic external blood loss- haemorrhage
GI ulceration
Neoplasia
Parasites
Clotting disorder
Inflammatory GI disease
Decreased iron intake

Question 13

What type of non regenerative anaemia can appear regenerative in early stages

Answer 13

Iron deficiency anaemia

Question 14

What type of cells in anaemia of inflammation

Answer 14

Normocytic normochromic

Question 15

What other type of anaemia does an iron deficiency go along with

Answer 15

Anaemia of inflammation

Question 16

What do cytokines do in anaemia of inflammation

Answer 16

Inhibit epo production or BM progenitor cells so reduce rbc production

Question 17

Anaemia secondary to chronic renal disease is caused by

Answer 17

Functional marrow failure due to reduced erythropoietin

Question 18

What is erythropoietin

Answer 18

Hormone that tells BM to make rbcs

Question 19

What type of cells are involved with anaemia secondary to chronic renal disease

Answer 19

Normocytic normochromix

Question 20

What is azotemia

Answer 20

Increase in products in the blood

Question 21

What is isothenuria

Answer 21

Change in concentration of the urine

Question 22

What is primary non regenerative anaemia

Answer 22

Disease within the bone marrow that affects ability to produce new rbcs

Question 23

What is hypoplastic anaemia

Answer 23

Producing less

Question 24

What is aplastic anaemia

Answer 24

Producing none

Question 25

What is bone marrow neoplasia

Answer 25

Cancer

Question 26

What happens in primary hypoplastic/ aplastic anaemia

Answer 26

Cellularity of BM is reduced

Question 27

What is pure red cell aplasia

Answer 27

Only affects the red blood cell line

Question 28

What are causes of pure red cell aplasia

Answer 28

Immune mediated Infectious EPO replacement therapy Preleukamic conditions

Question 29

When the anaemia involves many cell lines what is this referred to as

Answer 29

Aplastic anaemia

Question 30

What is classic aplastic anaemia classified by

Answer 30

Pancytopenia

Question 31

What are the causes of classic aplastic anaemia

Answer 31

Idiopathic Drugs Chemicals Radiation Infectious agents

Question 32

What is panocytopenia

Answer 32

Reduction or absence of all blood cell lines

Question 33

In pancytopenia development is usually

Answer 33

Gradual starting with cells with shorter lifespan

Question 34

What is the cell process involving pancytopenia

Answer 34

Granulocytes to platelets to erythroytes

Question 35

Examples of causes of pancytopenia

Answer 35

Bracken poisoning- cattle Estrogen, sulphadiazine Parvovirus Feline leukaemia virus Sporadic Bleeding calf syndrome

Question 36

What is another name for erythrocytosis

Answer 36

Polycynthaemia

Question 37

What is erythrocytosis

Answer 37

Abnormally increased red cell mass

Question 38

What is increased in erythrocytosis

Answer 38

Rbc count HCT PCV Hb levels

Question 39

What are the two types of erythrocytosis

Answer 39

Absolute Relative

Question 40

Absolute erythrocytosis can be

Answer 40

Primary or secondary

Question 41

What is primary erythrocytosis

Answer 41

Not controlled by EPO

Question 42

What is secondary erythrocytosis

Answer 42

Due to increased EPO production

Question 43

What is the most commonly encountered form of erythrocytosis

Answer 43

Relative

Question 44

What happens in relative erythrocytosis

Answer 44

Increased rbc, PCV and Hb levels due to decreased plasma

Question 45

What is the main cause of erythrocytosis

Answer 45

Dehydration

Question 46

What signs to look for in relative erythrocytosis

Answer 46

Clinical signs of dehydration Increased protein levels Splenic contraction

Question 47

What is the name for increased protein levels

Answer 47

Hyperalbuminaemia

Question 48

What is primary absolute erythrocytosis also referred as

Answer 48

Polycynthaemia vera

Question 49

What is Polycynthaemia vera

Answer 49

When we are making more rbcs that we should be

Question 50

What type of erythrocytosis is an uncontrolled expansion of red cell mass associated with

Answer 50

Absolute erythrocytosis

Question 51

What is secondary erythrocytosis

Answer 51

Excess erythropoietin production

Question 52

Secondary erythrocytosis can be classified into two categories of

Answer 52

Appropriate Inappropriate

Question 53

Examples of appropriate eryhtrocytosis

Answer 53

Hypoxia- fundamental stimulus to eryhtropoeisis

Question 54

Causes of chronic hypoxia

Answer 54

Cardiovascular disease Living at altitude Chronic respiratory disease

Question 55

Causes of inappropriate erthryocytosis

Answer 55

Kidney neoplasms Non neoplastic disorders

Question 56

Clinical signs of relative erythrocytosis

Answer 56

Backy mucous membranes Sunken eyes Increased skin tent

Question 57

Clinical signs of absolute erythrocytosis

Answer 57

Neurological Weakness