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Body Systems > Body fluids and transport > Flashcards

Body fluids and transport Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of structure

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2
Q

What is Physiology?

A

The study of function

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3
Q

What is knockout?

A

Removing a gene and see what phenotypic difference there is to discover what the gene does.

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4
Q

How much of the body is made of water?

A

60%, approximately 42L

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5
Q

What type of fluids are there?

A

Extracellular Fluid,

Intracellular fluid,

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6
Q

What type of extracellular fluid is there?

A

Interstitial, plasma and transcellular.

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7
Q

How many litres are extracellular fluid (ECF)?

A

17L

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8
Q

How many litres are transcellular fluid?

A

1L

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9
Q

How many litres are Interstitial fluid?

A

13L

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10
Q

How many litres are Blood plasma?

A

3L

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11
Q

What is transcellular fluid?

A

It is contained within epithelial cells. Its either secreted or excreted and has to cross a transcellular fluid.

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12
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

The fluid formed when blood plasma is filtered out of the blood capillaries. It surrounds the cells. E.g Tissue fluid

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13
Q

What is blood plasma?

A

A yellow liquid in the blood vessels.

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14
Q

What is in blood plasma?

A

Platelets, blood cells, hormones, CO2, proteins

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15
Q

How many litres in the intracellular fluid?

A

25L

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16
Q

Compare the ion concentrations in Extracellular and Intracellular

A

Extracellular fluid has high Na+, Cl- and low K+, Ca2+, organic ions and proteins. Intracellular has low Na+, low Cl- and very low Ca2+ and high K,+, organic ions- and protein.

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17
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

A highly selectively permeable membrane. It is formed of phospholipid, where the hydrophobic fatty acids face inwards and the hydrophilic phosphate faces the outside

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18
Q

Which protein transporters passively transport molecules?

A

Protein channel and protein carriers.

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19
Q

Which protein transporters actively transport molecules?

A

Protein pump.

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20
Q

What can diffuse through the cell membrane?

A

Small, lipid soluble and non-polar molecules.

21
Q

What is a Facilitator and what else can it be called?

A

A transport protein that can only transport one molecules at a time and in one direction.
Uniport

22
Q

What is a Cotransporter and what else can it be called?

A

Can transport two types of molecules at the same time but only in the same time.
Symport

23
Q

What conditions would the two molecules being transported need to have in Symport transportation.

A

The two molecule would need to balance each others charge.

24
Q

What is an Exchanger and what else can it be called?

A

A transport protein that can transport two types of molecules in opposite directions. (They swap).
Antiport

25
Q

What conditions would the two molecules being transported need to have in Antiport transportation.

A

The two molecules must have the same charge so when they swap the overall internal and external charge remains the same.

26
Q

What are three of the reasons for Transport proteins?

A

1) To control the pH. Too acidic H+ out and Na+ in. Too alkaline HCO3- out and Cl- in
2) Control cell volume- ions and osmosis
3) To remove waste
4) To take up nutrients. (glucose)

27
Q

Which protein trumps are the most important?

A

K+ and Na+ because they produce gradients for other proteins to work.

28
Q

What charge is the cell relative to the outside and why?

A

Cell is negative in comparison to the outside. K+ ions move into cell and negatively charge organic ions can’t leave the cell.

29
Q

How does interstitial fluid form?

A

There is the same concentration of ions outside and inside the capillary. But in the capillary there is greater Hydrostatic pressure so water and other ions are pushed out.

30
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by the fluid.

31
Q

How is interstitial fluid removed?

A

1) Into the capillary using the osmotic gradient.

2) In the lymphatic system

32
Q

What is the Basolateral membrane

A

The outer epithelium lining of the intestine wall.

33
Q

What is the Apical membrane?

A

Thin inner epithelium lining of the intestine wall. (facing the lumen and has microvilli)

34
Q

How is glucose absorbed?

A

Na+ is pumped out of epithelium cell into the blood, decreasing concentration. Na+ can then move into epithelia cell from the lumen, bringing glucose with it. Glucose then diffuses into the blood. Water also moves into the cell

35
Q

Why is water secreted into the small instestine?

A

Na+ and Cl- move into the epithelial cell from the Basolateral side (FD). This pulls a K+ in. Cl- then moves out into the lumen. This makes water move out of the cell.

36
Q

How does Vibrio Cholera produce toxins?

A

toxins produced activate adenylyl cyclase, which keeps Cl- channels open. So more Cl- moves into lumen and more water moves.

37
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

A vesicle inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases the contents of the vesicle outside the cell.

38
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

When extracellular material is packaged into a vesicle. The vesicle is formed from the cell membrane and is pinched off to import it into the cell.

39
Q

Which requires ATP exo or endocytosis?

A

Endocytosis. Need to put energy into breaking off.

40
Q

What are the three ways molecules can be brought in by endocytosis?

A

Receptor-Mediated, Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis

41
Q

What happens in Receptor-Mediated endocytosis?

A

The molecule binds to a receptor and the membrane sinks in to form a vesicle.

42
Q

What happens in Pinocytosis?

A

The cell membrane sinks and the membrane is pinched off

43
Q

What happens in Phagocytosis?

A

The cell membrane reaches out to enguld

44
Q

What is a Lysosome?

A

A vesicle that contains lysozyme. A digestive enzyme that breaks down molecules

45
Q

What type of Passive Transport is there?

A

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis.

46
Q

What does there need to be for water to move?

A

An osmotic pressure

47
Q

What happens if a cell is in a hypotonic solution

A

Water moves into cell. Hypo= less solute in solution.

48
Q

What happens if a cell is in a hypertonic solution?

A

The water move out of the cell. As hypo = more solute in solution

49
Q

Where does water move to?

A

Where there is more sugars .

Body Systems (8 decks)

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