Body Systems Flashcards
(43 cards)
1
Q
Tissues
A
- Groups of cells that function together to perform specialized tasks
- There are four types of animal tissues
2
Q
What are the 4 types of animal tissue
A
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
3
Q
Epithelial tissue
A
- Lines body cavities and outer surfaces
- Protects structures
- forms glands that produce hormones, enzymes, and sweat
4
Q
Connective tissue
A
- Supports and protects structures
- Fills empty space
- Includes tendons (connects muscle to bone), ligaments (connects bone to bone), bones, cartilage, and blood
5
Q
Muscle tissue
A
Allows for movement
6
Q
Nervous tissue
A
- Responds to stimuli and transmits and stores information
- Receives information from inside and outside the body
7
Q
What is blood made up of
A
platelets, plasma, white blood cells, and red blood cells
8
Q
3 types of muscle tissue
A
- Skeletal tissue: voluntary muscle (controlled at will)
- Smooth tissue: in blood vessels, stomach and other organs (involuntary)
- Cardiac tissue: in heart (involuntary)
9
Q
What is an organ
A
- group of tissues that performs a specific function
- organs are usually made up of different types of tissues
10
Q
What is an organ system
A
consists of a group of organs that work together to carry out specific duties in the body
11
Q
Skin
A
- made of two layers (epidermis and dermis)
12
Q
Epidermis skin
A
- Outer layer made up of epithelial tissue
- Prevents bacteria and viruses from entering body
- Makes vitamin D when exposed to UV radiation from the Sun
13
Q
Dermis skin
A
- The inner layer made of connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue
- Provides structure and support
- Releases excess heat
- Secretes sweat to cool the body
- Has layer of fat that provides insulation
- Contains nerves sensitive to pain, pressure, heat, and cold, and sends information to the brain
- Muscles produce goosebumps (hair thickens for warmth when cold or to make us look bigger when scared)
14
Q
Respiratory system
A
All cells in the body require oxygen to produce energy (cellular respiration) for growth, movement, and reproduction
15
Q
Order of breathing
A
- nose/mouth
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli
- capillaries
16
Q
Lungs
A
- Organ which allows you to breathe in oxygen and out carbon dioxide
- Humans have two lungs in a cavity in the chest area, which is enclosed by the ribs, ches nuscles, and the diaphragn
- The lungs are separated by a thin layer of fluid
17
Q
Pleura
A
Fluid that protects the lungs and reduces friction
18
Q
What happens to your diaphragm when you inhale?
A
your rib cage rises, and your diaphragm contracts and move downwards, which increases the size of your chest cavity
19
Q
What happens to your diaphragm when you exhale
A
your rib cage lowers, and your diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards, decreasing the size of the chest cavity
20
Q
When you inhale…
A
- There is an increase in the volume of the cavity causing a decrease in the internal air pressure
- Air rushes into your lungs to equalize the pressure
21
Q
When you exhale…
A
- There is a decrease in the volume of the cavity causing an increase in the internal air pressure
- Air therefore moves out the lungs
22
Q
When you inhale…
A
- the volume of the cavity increases
- causing a decrease in the internal air pressure
- air rushes into your lungs to equalize the pressure
23
Q
When you exhale…
A
- decreases the size of the chest cavity
- causing an increase in the internal air pressure
-air therefore moves out the lungs
24
Q
Circulatory system
A
Includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
25
Heart
Divided into four chambers (left and right atria, and the left and right ventricles)
26
Pathway of the heart
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary arteries
- lungs
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- bicuspid valve
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
- aorta
(re enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava)
27
Arteries
- Thick-walled vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues
28
Capillaries
- Connects veins and arteries
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide flow in and out of capillaries by the process of diffusion
29
Mouth
contains glands that secrete mucus, saliva, and enzymes to start to break down food (digestion starts in the mouth)
30
Tongue
moves food to the back of the throat
31
Esophagus
a tube that moves food along to the stomach (due to peristalsis)
32
Peristalsis
rhythmic constrictions and relaxations of the smooth muscles
33
Epiglottis
- thin lid-like flap of cartilage tissue that is attached to the root of the tongue.
- it is situated behind the tongue and in front of the entrance to the larynx
- when resting, the epiglottis allows air to pass through the larynx and into the rest of the respiratory system, but when swallowing, it covers the entrance to the larynx to prevent food and drink from entering the trachea
34
Stomach
churns food and mixes it with digestive juices and enzymes
35
Small intestine
is where the most extensive part of digestion occurs and where most nutrients are absorbed
36
Large intestine
where water is absorbed
37
Rectum
where solid wastes are stored
38
Anus
where solid waste exits
39
Gallbladder
stores bile that is secreted by the liver
40
Liver
secretes bile into the intestine, which breaks up fat to aid absorption
41
Pancreas
secretes pancreatic juice, insulin (regulates blood sugar), and enzymes into the intestine to also assist with digestion
42
Order of the digestive system
- mouth
- tongue
- esophagus
- epiglottis
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- rectum
- anus
43
Veins
- carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
- the blood flowing through the veins is at a lower pressure than in the arteries, therefore the veins have thinner walls
- contain valves so that blood does not flow backward
