Organelles

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

• Simplest type of cells and were the first type of cells to have evolved
• They lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 2

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

• more complex and many have specialized parts
• they can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

• jelly like substance that fills the cell and surround the organelles
• nutrients and organelles move within the cell because of the cytoplasm

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

• protective barrier around the cell that allows substances to move through it
• made of a double layer of lipids
• has receptors that can help the cell communicate

Question 5

Lipids

Answer 5

• fat-like molecule that does not dissolve in water

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

• particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

• movement of water molecules form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

• the control centre of the cell
• controls growth, reproduction, etc

Question 9

Nuclear envelope

Answer 9

• surrounds the nucleus
• contains pores to transport materials in and out of the nucleus

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

• inside the nucleus
• produces and assembles the cells ribosomes

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

• responsible for making proteins (protein synthesis)

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

• deoxyribonucleic acid
• codes for the making of proteins and other molecules

Question 13

Chromatin

Answer 13

• loose structure that DNA is mostly found

Question 14

Chromosomes

Answer 14

• humans have 46 chromosomes except in their sex cells which have 23

Question 15

Vacuole

Answer 15

• stores nutrients, wastes, and other substances used by the cell
• in plant cells, the central vacuole stores water for the cell

Question 16

Vesicles

Answer 16

• transport substances throughout the cell

Question 17

Mitochondria

Answer 17

• supplies energy to the cell
• converts chemical energy in sugar into energy the cell can use
• this process is called cellular respiration

Question 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

• carries materials throughout the cell

Question 19

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 19

• has ribosomes attached to it

Question 20

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 20

• produces fats and oils and does not have ribosomes

Question 21

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 21

• Modiftes, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or outside the cell

Question 22

Cytoskeleton

Answer 22

• an internal network of fibres that maintains the cell’s shape

Question 23

Centrioles

Answer 23

• unique to animal cells
• involved in animal cell division

Question 24

Lysosomes

Answer 24

• unique to animal cells
• where digestion occurs
• filled with enzymes
• breaks down bacteria and damaged cell parts

Question 25

Enzymes

Answer 25

- proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Question 26

Cell wall

Answer 26

- unique to plant cells - a rigid frame that provides strength, protection, and support

Question 27

Chloroplasts

Answer 27

- unique to plant cells - contains chlorophyll - contains thylakoids surrounded by a thick fluid called stroma

Question 29

Chlorophyll

Answer 29

- green substance that uses energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen during photosynthesis

Question 30

Granum

Answer 30

- stack of thylakoids