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3/4 Vet Health > Body systems for circulation and immunity (SAC 3) > Flashcards

Body systems for circulation and immunity (SAC 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Cardi/o-

A

Heart

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2
Q

Coron/o-

A

Heart

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3
Q

CV system-components

A

Heart

Blood vessels

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4
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Moves blood between the heart and tissues/organs of the body and back to the heart
Removes waste from tissues back to the heart via diff

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Moves blood from heart to lungs and back to heart

Moves CO2 from heart to the lungs via diff

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6
Q

Angi/o-

A

Vessel

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7
Q

Aort/o-

A

Aorta

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8
Q

Ateri/o-

A

Artery

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9
Q

Arteriol/o-

A

Arteriole

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10
Q

Phleb/o-

A

Vein

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11
Q

Ven/o-

A

Vein

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12
Q

Venul/o-

A

Venule

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13
Q

-stenosis

A

Narrowing

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14
Q

-sclerosis

A

Hardening

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15
Q

Arteries-S and F

A

S- thick, muscular wall and small lumen
F- carry blood at a high pressure, carry blood away from the heart at a rapid rate, oxygenated blood except for pulmonary artery

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16
Q

Arterioles-S and F

A

S- branch of arteries (smaller) and further from heart

F-direct oxygenated blood from artery to capillary

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17
Q

Capillaries-S and F

A

S-single layer of smooth muscle cells (easy gaseous exchange)
F-diffusion of nutrients and waste between blood and tissue
Number of capillaries depend on the function of the tissue and individual’s fitness e.g. athlete has more

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18
Q

Venules-S and F

A

S- capillaries converge into venules which then converge into veins
F-direct deoxygenated blood from capillary to vein

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19
Q

Veins-S and F

A

S-thin, floppy walls and large lumen
F-carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (except pulmonary vein), slow and even blood flow, low pressure
Contain one way valve-allow blood to go in one direction and prevent back flow

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20
Q

The Heart-structure

A
  • 4 chambers=2 atria and 2 ventricles
  • thoracic cavity
  • ventral
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21
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A
  • pericardium (outermost layer)= a fibrous sac that encapsulates the heart
  • myocardium (middle layer)= comprised of cardiac muscle, involuntary muscle and transmits electrical stimuli
  • endocardium (innermost layer)= lines the chambers and valves of the heart
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22
Q

Atria

A
  • upper chambers

- receive blood= deoxygenated from body to RV and oxygenated from lungs to LV

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23
Q

Ventricles

A
  • lower chambers

- expel/pump blood out= deoxygenated through PA to lungs and oxygenated through aorta to body

24
Q

Aorta-S and F

A

S-big artery from LV to body

F- carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

25
Superior and inferior vena cavas-S and F
S-biggest veins and empty blood into RA | F-empty deoxygenated blood into the heart RA from structures above/below diaphragm
26
Pulmonary artery-S and F
S- away from RV to lungs | F- carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
27
Pulmonary vein-S and F
S-from lungs to LA | F-carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
28
Septum-S and F
S-muscular wall b/w L and R side | F-seperate L and R side of heart
29
Bicuspid valve-S and F
S-2 and L side | F-prevent regurgitation of blood back into L atrium
30
Tricuspid valve-S and F
S-3 and R side | F-prevents regurgitation of blood back into R atrium
31
Semilunar valves-S and F
S-aortic and pulmonary valves | F-prevent reflux of blood back into ventricles
32
Chordae tendinae-S and F
S-thick, strong fibrous chords that connect leaflets of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves to the papillary muscle F-help regulate the opening and closing of valves
33
Blood supply
L and R coronary blood vessels branch from the aorta and surround and supply the heart
34
Myocardial infarction
Reduced blood flow in coronary artery b/c: -atherosclerosis -occlusion= embolus (blocked BV e.g. from plaque) and thrombus (blood clot) Irreversible damage b/c ischaemia or hypoxia
35
Sympathetic nervous system
Increased firing of SA node that increases HR
36
Parasympathetic nervous system
Decreased firing of the SA node that decreases HR
37
Cardiac conduction system
1. SA node 2. AV node 3. Bundle of His 4. Bundle branch 5. Purkinje fibres
38
SA node-S,L and F
S- collection of specialised/ pacemaker cells L- upper wall of R atrium F- generate electrical impulses that trigger atrial contraction
39
AV node-S,L and F
S- small mass of neuromuscular tissue L- wall of atrial septum and near tri valve F- transmit electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles and ensure the atria are fully empty before the ventricle contracts
40
Bundle of His-S,L and F
S-mass of fibres from the AV node L-upper end of ventricular septum F- transmits electrical impulses from the AV node to the Purkinjefibres to create a ventricular contraction
41
Purkinje fibres-S,L and F
S-specialised conductive cells L- myocardium of ventricular walls F- ventricular contraction
42
Cardiac output
SV x HR | The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle every min
43
Stroke volume
The volume of blood expelled by each contraction of the ventricles
44
Heart rate
Number of times the heart beats per min
45
Atrial systole
Contraction of the atria
46
Ventricular systole
Contraction of the ventricles
47
Diastole
Relaxation of both the atria and ventricles (blood flows into heart)
48
Tachycardia
Abnormal condition of fast heart rate
49
Bradycardia
Abnormal condition of slow heart rate
50
Vital signs
- body temp - pulse rate - resp rate - blood pressure
51
Pulse rate
Number of times the heart beats per min
52
Pulse
Bulge of an artery from waves of blood passing through the vessel each time the heart beats
53
Superficial arteries
- carotid=neck - radial=wrist - femoral=upper leg - popliteal=back of knee - dorsal/pedal=foot
54
Pulse-strength
Force of the pulse (amount of blood forced into artery) - bounding=large amount of blood and strong pulse-caused by exercise, anxiety and alcohol consumption - weak=small amount of blood and weak pulse=weak, feeble, thready - strong=less than bounding but stronger than normal-shock and haemorrhage
55
Pulse-rhythm
Evenness of beats (time between beats) - irregular= not have an even pattern-vary time between beats and strength - intermittent=strength does not vary greatly but a beat is skipped (regular or irregular intervals)
56
Pulse oximeter
- gives readings of HR and SpO2 | - light through tissue-measure the amount of light absorbed by oxygen carrying haemoglobin

3/4 Vet Health (3 decks)

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