Orientation of the body and medical terminology (SAC 1) Flashcards

Question

QID

Answer 1

Four times a day

Answer 2

Root (stem) word= essential meaning of word Suffix= procedure or condition Prefix= add location, size or number Combining form/vowel= connects root and suffix e.g. o

Answer 3

Brain (within the head)

Answer 4

Pertaining to

Answer 5

Condition of the blood

Answer 6

Process of

Answer 7

Positioning in front of

Answer 8

Pertaining to the wrist

Answer 9

The study of

Answer 10

Cutting up the human body to determine its structures

Answer 11

Study of body functioning

Answer 12

Study of disease or conditions

Answer 13

Specialist in the study of

Answer 14

Female reproductive system

Answer 15

Complete,through

Answer 16

Bad, painful, abnormal

Answer 17

Too much, excessive

Answer 18

Too little, below, less than normal

Answer 19

Surrounding

Answer 20

Before, forward

Answer 21

Below,under

Answer 22

Across, through

Answer 23

Pertaining to

Answer 24

Surgical removal of, excision

Answer 25

Blood condition

Answer 26

Condition of

Answer 27

Pertaining to

Answer 28

Abnormal condition of, process

Answer 29

Inflammation

Answer 30

Specialist in the study of

Answer 31

Tumour,mass

Answer 32

The process of visual examination

Answer 33

Process of cutting into, incision

Answer 34

Puncturing and draining

Answer 35

Speciality

Answer 36

Deterioration, destruction

Answer 37

Deterioration, destruction

Answer 38

Swallowing

Answer 39

Attraction to

Answer 40

Surgical repair

Answer 41

Flow, discharge

Answer 42

Abnormal condition

Answer 43

Instrument to visually examine

Answer 44

Above elbow

Answer 45

Alcohol and other drugs

Answer 46

Above knee amputation

Answer 47

Blood glucose level

Answer 48

Body mass index

Answer 49

Cardiopulmonary resucitation

Answer 50

Cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 51

Complains of

Answer 52

Date of birth

Answer 53

Elctrocardiogram

Answer 54

Estimated blood loss

Answer 55

History of

Answer 56

Max heart rate

Answer 57

No known allergies

Answer 58

Not applicable

Answer 59

Nasogastic tube

Answer 60

Past medical history

Answer 61

Pulmonary embolism or physical examination

Answer 62

Root canal treatment

Answer 63

Rest,ice,compression,elevation

Answer 64

Shortness of breath

Answer 65

Sterilisation

Answer 66

Shortness of breath on exertion

Answer 67

Tooth ache

Answer 68

Temperature, pulse and respiratory rate

Answer 69

- stand upright - arms by side - palms facing towards

Answer 70

Towards midline

Answer 71

Away from midline (side)

Answer 72

Towards the front

Answer 73

Towards the back

Answer 74

Closer to point of attachment

Answer 75

Further from point of attachment

Answer 76

Closer to skin's surface

Answer 77

Further from skin's surface

Answer 78

Closer to belly surface

Answer 79

Closer to back surface

Answer 80

Opposite surface to dorsum (back) of hand

Answer 81

Opposite surface to dorsum (back) of foot

Answer 82

Towards the head

Answer 83

Towards the tail

Answer 84

Closer to the front of head

Answer 85

Closer to back of head

Answer 86

Paired structures on both L and R sides of body

Answer 87

Unpaired structures on just one side of body

Answer 88

Structures on the same side of body

Answer 89

Structures on opposite sides of body

Answer 90

Any space or compartment or potential space in the animal body. Contains: - organs - fluid e. g. dorsal and ventral cavities

Answer 91

Protrude/stick out

Answer 92

Bring in/together

Answer 93

Sole of foot in towards midline

Answer 94

Sole of foot away from midline

Answer 95

Toes to sky and dorsum (back) of foot away from tibia

Answer 96

Pointing foot down away from tibia

Answer 97

Circular motion at ball and socket joint

Answer 98

Movement along longitudinal axis and transverse plane

Answer 99

Palms facing down

Answer 100

Palms facing up

Answer 101

Decrease in joint angle

Answer 102

Increase in joint angle

Answer 103

Body part away from resting anatomical position

Answer 104

Body part back towards resting anatomical position

Answer 105

- chemicals - cells - tissues - organs - body systems - body/organism

Answer 106

1. Skeletal 2. Nervous 3. Muscular 4. Urinary 5. Endocrine 6. Digestive 7. Immune 8. Integumentary 9. Cardiovascular 10. Reproductive 11. Lymphatic 12. Respiratory

Answer 107

Bones | Support, structure, movement, protection

Answer 108

Brain, spinal cord, nerves | Coordination and control of body function through electrical signals (receive, organise and respond to stimuli)

Answer 109

Skeletal muscles | Support and movement

Answer 110

Kidneys, bladder | Maintaining water and solute balance, elimination of waste

Answer 111

Pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands | Coordination of body function through synthesis and release of regulatory molecules (hormones)

Answer 112

Stomach, intestines, liver | Ingestion and processing of foodstuffs for distribution and use by cells, elimination of waste

Answer 113

Thymus, spleen, lymph nodes | Defence against foreign invaders

Answer 114

Skin | Protection from the outside environment

Answer 115

Heart, blood vessels, blood | Transport of materials between cells

Answer 116

Ovaries, uterus, testes | Perpetuation/ reproduction of species

Answer 117

Lymph nodes and vessels, spleen, thymus | Drains excess fluids from cells and returns to the blood stream, immune function

Answer 118

Lungs, airways | Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between internal and external environments

Answer 119

``` Maintain boundaries/ movement Reproduction Sensitivity/ responsiveness Growth Respiration Excretion Nutrition/ digestion ```

Answer 120

``` Nutrients Oxygen Water Normal body temp Atmospheric pressure (breathing) ```

Answer 121

Composed of neutrons, protons and electrons

Answer 122

Only one type of atom

Answer 123

2 or more different types of atoms

Answer 124

2 or more atoms

Answer 125

Gains or loses an electron and therefore will gain an electric charge

Answer 126

Gains an electron so gains a negative charge e.g. Cl-

Answer 127

Loses an electron so gains a positive charge e.g. K+ or Na+

Answer 128

Polar molecule b/c uneven distribution of charge

Answer 129

Water hating= not dissolve in water

Answer 130

Water loving= dissolves in water

Answer 131

- transport=blood plasma - absorption= kidneys - excretion=urine and sweat - secretion= digestion - universal solvent - chemical reactions - dehydration= blood volume and pressure

Answer 132

H+= acidic OH-=alkaline Body pH= 7.35-7.45 Used in body temp, BP, pH and blood glucose

Answer 133

Acids dissociate into H+= lower pH Bases dissociate into OH-= increase pH Blood buffers absorb these excess ions to maintain pH and homeostasis

Answer 134

1. Blood= blood buffers absorb ions 2. Respiratory= remove CO2 that is acidic 3. Urinary= remove H+ ions and decrease HCO3 that is alkaline

Answer 135

``` Structure= glucose/glycogen Monosaccharides= glucose, fructose and galactose Disaccharides= sucrose, lactose and maltose Polysaccharides= glycogen and starch ```

Answer 136

1. Energy production= glycolysis (break of glucose) 2. Energy storage=stored as glycogen 3. Build macromolecules 4. Spare protein

Answer 137

Structure= hydrophobic 1. Insulation and thermoregulation 2. Protection of organs 3. Energy reserve 4. Absorption of vitamins A,D,E and K

Answer 138

Structure= made of amino acids 1. Structure 2. Enzymes 3. Hormones 4. Antibodies 5. Blood cells 6. Protein channels and pumps

Answer 139

Biological protein catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy Specialised

Answer 140

Surrounding

Answer 141

All chemical reactions occurring in an organism

Answer 142

Building of larger, more complex structures

Answer 143

Breaking down of a substance to gain energy

Answer 144

Food and drinks e.g. carbs, fats and proteins

Answer 145

Glucose+oxygen-> carbon dioxide+water

Answer 146

The maintenance of a constant internal environment within narrow limits in the face of external change - HR - fluid balance - ions/electrolytes - body temp - BP - blood glucose - pH

Answer 147

Within normal limits

Answer 148

Response opposes stimulus

Answer 149

Response is the same as the stimulus= amplify e.g. during childbirth

Answer 150

Frontal/ coronal plane

Answer 151

Transverse plane

Answer 152

Sagittal plane

Answer 153

Simplest cellular organism and single celled e.g. bacteria

Answer 154

More complex and multi-cellular e.g. humans

Answer 155

Synthesises hormones and lipids

Answer 156

Final modification and packaging of proteins into secretory vesicle

Answer 157

Enzymes within are used to breakdown organelle fragments and larger molecules- vesicles from the GA

Answer 158

Direct the microtubule organisation within the cell

Answer 159

Essential for the formation of ribosomes and composed mainly of DNA

Answer 160

Contains DNA that controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

Answer 161

The site of aerobic cellular respiration that generates energy

Answer 162

The site of protein synthesis and hold RNA

Answer 163

Protein synthesis occurs here as it is studded with ribosomes Fold and transport polypeptides into transport vesicles

Answer 164

Maintain the shape of the cell and it is where chemical reactions occur

Answer 165

Regulates the inputs and outputs of the cell and is a boundary

Answer 166

Muscle cell

Answer 167

White blood cell

Answer 168

Cell that destroys pathogens

Answer 169

``` F= to carry oxygen S= Large surface area (increased diffusion), contains haemoglobin that joins to oxygen, contains no nucleus ```

Answer 170

``` F= to carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body S= Long, connections at each end, can carry electrical signals ```

Answer 171

``` F= join with male cell and to provide food for the new cell that is being formed S= Large and contains cytoplasm ```

Answer 172

``` F= reach and join female cell S= long tail for swimming and head for getting into the female cell ```

Answer 173

Trauma, temperature extremes, radiation

Answer 174

Bacteria, virus, parasite

Answer 175

Toxins, poisons, foreign substance

Answer 176

Ischaemia (hypoxic injury), toxic build up, nutritional imbalance, fluid imbalance

Answer 177

Restriction of blood flow to tissues

Answer 178

To hold back

Answer 179

Condition of/ pertaining to low oxygen

Answer 180

Plaster e.g. on broken arm

Answer 181

Underdevelopment/undernutrition causing a decrease in the number or size of cells, decreasing tissue mass

Answer 182

Excessive development causing an increase in the size of cells and an increase in tissue size

Answer 183

The natural/programmed cell death

Answer 184

A form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue, causing a lack of blood flow

Answer 185

Excessive growth

Answer 186

Change in cell formation/character

Answer 187

Abnormal growth of cells e.g. size, shape and organisation

Answer 188

New, uncoordinated cell growth e.g. cancer

Answer 189

Formation/growth

Answer 190

beyond/change

Answer 191

High to low conc Passive O2, CO2, ions, salts

Answer 192

High to low conc Passive Water only

Answer 193

Low to high conc (against conc gradient) Active (with ATP/ energy) Ions, glucose

Answer 194

Rate of diff increases with a greater SA Nephron- kidneys- water, ion, glucose Alveolus- lungs- O2 and CO2 Villi- small intestine- fatty acids and glycerol in the blood stream

Answer 195

Chronic renal failure

Answer 196

- muscle - epithelial - connective - nervous

Answer 197

``` S= contract and relax F= controls body movement and movements of O2, blood, calcium and wastes E.g.= -smooth= blood vessels -skeletal= bicep -cardiac= heart ```

Answer 198

``` S= contains fibrous strands and a fluid component F= hold organs in place, transport of substances (blood and lymphatic vessels), protective role e.g. adipose tissue, bones and ligaments, insulation (adipose tissue) E.g.= -blood -bones -adipose -tendons -ligaments -cartilage -fascia ```

Answer 199

S= large sheets of continuous cells F= protection (lines int and ext organs), secretion of substances e.g. gastric juices, absorption e.g. nutrients into small intestine E.g.= -skin -transitional epithelial bladder (ability to stretch)

Answer 200

``` S= dendrites, cell body, one axon F= communication (receives, transmits and sends messages), provide sensory info, send motor signals to organs and tissues E.g.= -neurons -alia ```

Answer 201

``` Squamous Cuboidal Columnar One cell thick= simple More than one layer= stratified ```

Answer 202

General practitioner

Answer 203

Urine analysis

Answer 204

Full blood count

Answer 205

Nausea and vomiting

Answer 206

Recovery/ treatment

Answer 207

Thin layer or sheet of cells that cover the outside of the body (skin), organs (pericardium), internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body (mucosa of the stomach) and the lining of moveable joint cavities - connective tissue - epithelial membranes

Answer 208

S= cover/line internal structures/cavities, composed of the epithelial attached to a layer of connective tissue e.g. skin F= protection of tissues, absorption, secretion, reception of sensory info L= line cavities that are exposed to the ext enviro and int organs E.g.= -cutaneous membrane= ext (skin) -mucous membrane= b/w int and ext (nose and mouth) - serous membrane= int (lungs, heart)

Answer 209

``` S= watery fluid within double layer connective tissue F= secrete lubricating fluid that reduces friction from muscle movement L= heart, lungs, abdominal organs E.g.= -pleura= around lungs -pericardium= around heart -peritoneum= around abdominal organs 2 layers: -visceral= inner- around organ (VOO) -parietal=outer- lines cavity (PIC) ```

Answer 210

S= one or more layers of ep cells overlying a layer of connective tissue F= Protection (trap foreign particles), lubrication (lubricate movement of substances e.g. food) L= system that has direct opening to ext enviro E.g.= -digestive tract -genitourinary tract -respiratory tract

Answer 211

S=lines cavities of joints and surrounding tendons F=prevent friction by secreting synovial fluid to lubricate joints L=lines cavities that are not open to the outside E.g.= -knee -shoulder

Answer 212

Patient controlled analgesia (pain relief)

Answer 213

Antibiotics

Answer 214

As required/ whenever necessary

Answer 215

To be given immediately

Answer 216

Given on alternate days

Answer 217

Aqueous/water

Answer 218

Intramuscular

Answer 219

Orally/taken by the mouth

Answer 220

By the way of the rectum

Answer 221

Intravenous

Answer 222

Dead on arrival

Answer 223

Next of kin

Answer 224

Nil by mouth

Answer 225

Not for resuscitation

Answer 226

Do not resuscitate

Answer 227

Chest x-ray

Answer 228

Non-weight bearing

Answer 229

Full weight bearing

Answer 230

Coronary care unit

Answer 231

High dependency unit

Answer 232

Intensive care unit

Answer 233

Paediatric intensive care unit

Answer 234

Neonatal intensive care unit

Answer 235

Accident and emergency

Answer 236

Outpatient department

Answer 237

Loss of conscious state

Answer 238

Over the counter

Answer 239

Short term memory loss

Answer 240

Indwelling catheter

Answer 241

Range of motion

Answer 242

Passed urine

Answer 243

Has not passed urine

Answer 244

Urinalysis

Answer 245

Major human blood group

Answer 246

Human immunodeficiency virus

Answer 247

Total knee replacement

Answer 248

Acquired brain injury

Answer 249

Traumatic brain injury

Answer 250

Motor vehicle accident

Answer 251

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 252

Hypertension

Answer 253

Fall on outstretched hand

Answer 254

Neck of femur

Answer 255

- ask a supervisor/ qualified personal - consider medical books - consider credible medical websites

Answer 256

Comes from the subject e.g. symptoms

Answer 257

Measurable and outside e.g. signs

Answer 258

Sitting on edge of bed

Answer 259

Rest in bed

Answer 260

Assessment

Answer 261

Forearm crutches

Answer 262

Social history

Answer 263

Divides body into ventral and dorsal sections

Orientation of the body and medical terminology (SAC 1) Flashcards

(339 cards)