body systems overview

Question 1

what are the 8 different systems in the body?

Answer 1

1. nervous system: control and coordinate all body functions
2. respiratory system: take O2 and remove CO2 from body
3. cardiovascular system: circulating blood through body
4. digestive system: breaking down food and absorbing nutrients
5. muscular system: movement and stability
6. skeletal system: provining support and protection
7. endocrine system: regulating hormones
8. immune system: defending body against foreign invaders

Question 2

nervous system function

Answer 2

control and coordinate all body functions
- directs and processes sensory information
- activates bodily responses
- regulating homeostasis

Question 3

nervous system structure

Answer 3

• two parts CNS and PNS
  CNS: brain and spinal cord
• split into cerebrum: thinking, sensation, movement
• cerebellum: balance and coordination
• brainstem: basic bodily functions (HR, BP, breathing)
  PNS: peripheral nerves
• somatic NS: controls voluntary movements
• autonomic NS: controls involuntary bodily functions (HR, digestion)

Question 4

disorders of NS

Answer 4

1. Multiple Sclerosis: chronic autoimmune disorder affects myelin sheath surrounding nerves in CNS (causes communcation problems between brain and body)
2. alzheimers disease: degenerative disorder that affects brain (memory loss and cognitive decline)
3. parkinsons disease: degenerative disorder affects brain (causes tremors, stiffness, and difficulty w movement)
4. epilepsy: disorder characterized by seizures (caused by abnormal electricial activity in brain)
5. stroke: blood flow to brain is interrupted (damage to brain tissue)

Question 5

respiratory system function

Answer 5

• provide O2 to body tissues for cellular respiration
• remove waste CO2
• maintain acid-base balance (CO2 is acidic – too much can cause drop in pH leading to acidosis)– adjusts rate and depth of breathing

Question 6

structure of respiratory system

Answer 6

2 parts
upper respiratory tract
- nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
lower respiratory tract
- trachea (lined w cilia and mucous that remove particle and bacteria from air, splits into 2 bronchi), bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

• lungs: main organs, 2 lobes surrounded by protective pleura, made up of million of tiny air sacs (alveloi) which exchange gas w bloodstream
• diaphragm: muscle at bottom of chest cavity, key role in breathing – contract and relax to expand and compress lungs