Bonding And Structure

Question 1

What is ionic bonding? (2)

Answer 1

• Electrostatic attractions (1)
• Between oppositely charged ions (1)

Question 2

What’s the structure of ionic compounds? (3)

Answer 2

• Giant ionic structure (1)
• Regular structure (1)
• Repeating pattern (1)

Question 3

What are characteristics of ionic compounds? (6)

Answer 3

• Dissolve in water (1)
  • Water is polar and attracts ion (1)
• Brittle (1)
  • Layers slide (1)
• Conduct electricity at molten (1)
  • Ions free to move (1)

Question 4

What happens if ion is smaller or has a bigger charge? (2)

Answer 4

• Stronger electrostatic attraction between ions (1)
• More energy to overcome attraction will increase melting point (1)

Question 5

What are isoelectric ions? (1)

Answer 5

• Different atoms with same number of electrons (1)

Question 6

What is covalent bonding? (2)

Answer 6

• Electrostatic attraction (1)
• Between shared electrons and positive nucleus (1)

Question 6

What’s a dative covalent/coordination bond? (2)

Answer 6

• Where one atom donates 2 electrons (1)
• Represented by arrow pointed out (1)

Question 7

What happens when there is a dative bond present? (2)

Answer 7

• Will repel more (1)
• Reduce bond angle ~2.5° (1)

Question 8

What are the molecules shapes with 2/3/4 bond pairs? (3)

Answer 8

2 = Linear (180°)

3 = Trigonal planar (120°)

4 = Tetrahedral (109.5°)

Question 9

What are the molecules shapes with 5/6 bond pairs? (3)

Answer 9

5 = Trigonal bipyramidal (90° and 120°)

6 = Octahedral (90°)

Question 10

What is metallic bonding? (2)

Answer 10

• Electrostatic attraction (1)
• Between positive metal ions and delocalised negative electrons (1)

Question 11

What is electronegativity? (3)

Answer 11

• Ability for an atom to attract electrons towards itself (1)
• In covalent bonds (1)
• A big difference means more ionic and no difference is purely covalent (1)

Question 12

What are polar bonds? (2)

Answer 12

• Covalent bonds with a difference in electronegativity
  (1)
• Asymmetrical (1)

Question 13

how are London forces induced? (2)

Answer 13

• Electrons moving from one end to another induces a temporary dipole (1)
• Temporary dipole induces a second instantaneous dipole (1)

Question 14

What are permanent dipole-dipole interactions? (2)

Answer 14

• Weak electrostatic attraction (1)
• Between molecules with polarity (1)

Question 15

What is hydrogen bonding? (2)

Answer 15

• Strongest intermolecular bond (1)
• Hydrogen forms a bond with the lone pair of O/N/F (1)

Question 16

Why are alcohols solvent? (2)

Answer 16

• Hydrocarbon part is non polar and wont dissolve (1)
• They can form hydrogen bonds with functional group (1)

Question 17

Why would an atom not be able to have a shape? (1)

Answer 17

• Atom can’t expand its octet (1)