Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is formed when a group 2 element reacts with water and what are the states? (2)
X + 2H2O → x(OH)2 + H2
- Hydroxide is Aq and group 2 is solid (1)
What is the trend of group 2 reactivity with water going down the group? ( 2)
- Reactivity increases going down (1)
- Easier to lose electron from radius and shielding (1)
How does Beryllium and Magnesium react with water? (3)
- Beryllium does not react (1)
- Magnesium reacts with steam faster than cold water (1)
- Produces MgO instead of a hydroxide (1)
What is formed when a group 2 element and oxygen react? (2)
- Metal Oxide (1)
XO - White solid (1)
What is the trend of group 2 sulfates and hydroxide solubility? (2)
- Hydroxide solubility increases down (1)
- Sulfates solubility decreases down (1)
What is the thermal decomposition of group 2 carbonates and the states? (2)
xCO3 → xO + CO2 (1)
- Carbonate and metal oxide solid (1)
What is the thermal decomposition of group 2 nitrates and the states? (2)
X(NO3)2 → xO + NO2 + O2 (1)
- Nitrate and metal oxide solid (1)
What is the trend of thermal stability of carbonates and nitrates? (4)
- Becomes more thermally stable down the group (1)
- Ions are smaller with higher charge density at the top (1)
- More likely to polarise the carbonate/nitrate ion (1)
- Will weaken the carbonate/nitrate ions bonds (1)
What is the thermal decomposition of group 1 carbonates? (2)
- All group 1 carbonates are thermally stable except for lithium (1)
- Li2O + CO2 (1)
What is the thermal decomposition of group 1 nitrates and states? (3)
XNO3 → XNO2 + O2 (1)
- Nitrates and nitrites are solids (1)
- Lithium is the same equation as group 2 nitrates (1)
What are the two ways to test the thermal stability of nitrates + the hazard? (3)
- Measure the time it takes for specific oxygen to be produced to
relight glowing splint (1) - Measure the time for specific NO2 to be produced in the form of
observable brown gas (1) - Measure NO2 in fume cupboard as NO2 toxic (1)
How do you test the thermal stability of carbonates? (1)
- Measure the time for specific CO2 to be produced in the form of
turning limewater cloudy (1)
How do you carry out a flame test? (2)
- Dip nichrome wire in concentrated hydrochloric acid (1)
- Dip in sample and place loop into blue bunsen flame (1)
What colour does Caesium, Calcium, Strontium and Barium produce? (4)
Caesium = Blue (1)
Calcium = Dark Red (1)
Strontium = Crimson (1)
Barium = Green (1)
What colour does Lithium, Sodium, Potassium and Rubidium produce? (4)
Lithium = Crimson (1)
Sodium = Yellow/Orange (1)
Potassium = Lilac (1)
Rubidium = Red (1)
What are the appearances of the group 7 elements (4)
Fluorine = Pale Yellow gas (1)
Chlorine = Pale Green gas (1)
Bromine = Brown-Orange liquid (1)
Iodine = Grey Solid (1)
How can you see the colour change of a displacement reaction easier? (2)
- Add the organic solvent hexane (1)
- Organic layer will form above the aqueous layer (1)
What is the trend of reactivity in group 7 going down the group? (2)
- Reactivity decreases (1)
- Larger radius makes it harder to attract electrons (1)
What is the colour of the aqueous and organic layer for Cl2, Br2 and I2? (3)
Chlorine = Colourless/Colourless (1)
Bromine = Yellow/Orange (1)
Iodine = Brown/Purple (1)
How do displacement reactions work with an example? (3)
The more reactive halogen displaces the halide ions (1)
Br2 + 2I- → 2Br- + I2 (1)
The colour of the less reactive halogen will be seen (1)
What is the reaction of a halogen and a COLD alkali and its use? (2)
X2 + 2NaOH → NaXO + NaX + H2O (1)
- With Chloride will produce NaClO which is bleach (1)
What is the reaction of a halogen and a HOT alkali? (2)
3X2 + 6NaOH → NaXO3 + 5NaX + 3H2O (2)
What is the reaction with water and chlorine? (2)
H2O + Cl2 → HCl + HClO (1)
- HClO ionises to produce ClO- which kills bacteria (1)
What is the trend of reducing power in halide ions and why? (2)
- Reducing power increases down the group (1)
- Increased radius means outer electron is lost more readily (1)
